Функции и перевод слова that (those)

Функции и перевод слова оne (оnes)

Усилительное (для выделения отдельных членов предложения)

Безличное (подлежащее)

Указательное (подлежащее).

What is this? – It is a new device. – Что это? – Это новый прибор.

It is 3 o'clock. – Три часа.

It is cold in the laboratory. – В лаборатории холодно.

It seems this substance has desirable properties. – Кажется, это вещество обладает нужными свойствами.

It is said that he is an experienced engineer. – Говорят, что он опытный инженер.

It is difficult to explain this phenomenon. – Трудно объяснить это явление.

It is Popov who invented the radio. – Радио изобрел не кто иной, как Попов.

or Именно Попов изобрел радио.

1. One, стоящее перед личной формой глагола, является формальным подлежащим и указывает на то, что данное предложение является неопределенно-личным. В этом случае на русский язык one не переводится, а глагол в личной форме переводят обычно 2-м лицом единственного числа или 3-м лицом множественного числа:

One never knows what he can do. – Никогда не знаешь, что он может сделать.

2. One вформе притяжательного падежа переводится на русский язык местоимением свой, своя, свое:

One should always keep one's word. – Надо всегда держать свое слово.

3. One часто употребляется в сочетании с модальными глаголами:

One should be careful when working with chemical substances. – Нужно быть осторожным при работе с химическими веществами.

One may work in this laboratory only observing certain rules. – В этой лаборатории можно paботать только при соблюдении определенных правил.

4. One (мн. ч. ones) может выступать в качестве слова-заместителя, т.е. употребляться для замены ранее упомянутого исчисляемого существительного или существительных. Переводится или словом, которое заменяет, или не переводится совсем:

I haven't got a dictionary. I must buy one. – У меня нет словаря. Я должен купить словарь.

Here are some books. Which ones would you like to take? – Вот несколько книг. Какие (книги) вы хотели бы взять?

5. Перед one (ones) может стоять артикль (the one), либо другие определители и определения (this one, another one, the black ones). В этом случае на русский язык one обычно не переводится:

I don't like this pen, show me another one, please. – Мне не нравится эта ручка, покажите мне другую, пожалуйста.

This article is easier than the one we translated last week. – Эта статья легче, чем та, которую мы переводили на прошлой неделе.

What pencils will you take? – The black ones. – Какие карандаши вы возьмете? — Черные.

Таблица 3

Функции	Примеры	Перевод
1. That (ед. ч.) – указательное местоимение тот, та, то (иногда этот), обычно стоит перед существительным. Those (мн. ч.) – те	Give me that textbook, please.   I like those flowers better.	Дайте мне, пожалуйста, тот учебник.   Те цветы мне нравятся больше.
2. That (of), those (of) – слова-заместители; они заменяют упомянутое существительное, переводятся или словом, которое заменяют, или совсем не переводятся.	The work of the new device is much more efficient than that of the old one.	Работа нового прибора гораздо более эффективна, чем работа старого.
3. That – относительное местоимение который, -ая, -ое; после существительного вводит определительное придаточное предложение.	Spaceship can cover distances that are measured in millions of kilometers.	Космические корабли могут покрывать расстояния, которые измеряются миллионами километров.
4. That – союз что, после глагола вводит дополнительное придаточное предложение.	He said that he would do his best to help them.	Он сказал, что сделает все возможное, чтобы помочь им.
5. That – союз то, что, вводит придаточное подлежащее в придаточное сказуемое.	That he failed in his examination did not surprise anybody.	То, что он провалился на экзамене, никого не удивило.

Grammar exercises:

1. Translate the sentences, paying attention to it.

1. It is autumn. It is the 3^rd of October. It is dark in the morning and it is difficult to get up. 2. It is a new subject. It is very important for our future speciality. We shall study it for two years. It will be our future speciality, but we do not know much about it in the first year. 3. It is known that the knowledge of general engineering subjects is the basis for the study of special subjects 4 It seems that he works a lot. 5. It is said that the chemistry laboratory of our institute is good. 6. The student finds it difficult to translate such a text without a dictionary. 7. It was not easy to study at the institute. 8. It is important to understand the fundamentals of this science. 9. It was A.S. Popov who invented the radio. 10. It is the knowledge of general engineering subjects that is the basis of engineering training.

2. Translate the sentences, paying attention to one.

1. One must study a lot to become an engineer. 2. We must write only one exercise now. 3. Engineer is one of the most important professions, it is the one that is taught at technical institutes. 4. One cannot translate such an article without a dictionary in the first year. 5. One must have a very good knowledge of general engineering subjects to become a good engineer. 6. One must pass all exams well to enter an institute. 7. Last summer I read many English articles, and my friend read some German ones. 8. This summer we shall spend in the country, the last one we spent in the city. 9.We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate. 10.One can take this journal from the library.

3. Translate the sentences, paying attention to that.

1. That student studies in our group. 2. Do you know those girls? They are from our institute. 3. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 4. It is known that the knowledge of general engineering subjects is the basis for the study of special subjects. 5. We know that the study of general engineering subjects is necessary for future engineers. 6. That higher education in this country is excellent is known to everybody. 7. The aim of today's foreign policy is that peace in the world should be permanent. 8. The programme for the first-year students differs from that of the third-year students. 9. There are many interesting articles in this journal, read those on your speciality. 10. It is the high qualification of future specialists that will determine the scientific and technological progress of any country.

4. Translate the sentences, paying attention to it, one, that.

1. It is dark here. Please, turn on the light. 2. It was Gagarin who was the first man to orbit the Earth. 3. Our students study strength of materials. It is a very difficult subject. 4. Mathematics is studied at all technological institutes because every engineer must know it well. 5. It is the most interesting article on this subject. 6. It has become evident that ecological problems can be solved only on the global level. 7. Joint efforts of people throughout the world make it possible to achieve some progress in environment protection. 8. It is the development of robots that will solve some very complex problems of industry. 9. It is evident that research is becoming more specialized now. 10. The use of the new equipment made it possible to minimize the number of workers. 11. It is industrialization that is making ecological problems very serious.

5. Put in it is (it's) or is it.

What time is it?

1. We must go now................................ very late.

2................................ true that Tim can fly a helicopter?

3. 'What day............................... today? Sunday?' – 'No,................. Tuesday.'

4................................ ten kilometers from the airport to the city centre.

5................................ possible to phone you at your office?

6. 'Do you want to walk to the restaurant?' – 'I don't know. How far...............?'

7................................ Nina's birthday today. She's 34.

8. I don't believe it!............................... impossible.

6. Write questions with How far …?

(here / the station) How far is it from here to the station?

1. (the hotel / the beach) How……………………………………

2. (New York / Washington) ………………………………………...

3. (your house / the airport) ……………………………………...…

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