Предлоги, обозначающие время

Предлоги, обозначающие место

Предлоги, обозначающие движение

Наиболее употребительные предлоги

Чтение хронологических дат

Passive Voice

(Страдательный залог)

Страдательный залог в английском языке употребляется тогда, когда внимание говорящего сосредоточено не на субъекте, а на объекте действия. Глагол в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее подвергается действию, а не само его выполняет. Сравните:

The worker started the machine-tool. – Рабочий включил станок.

The machine-tool was started by the worker. – Станок был включен рабочим.

Таблица 25

Времена в Passive Voice
Tenses	Present	Past	Future	Future in-the-Past
Simple (Indefinite)	Am Is + V3 Are Letters are written every day	Was (ед. ч.) Were + V3   The letter was written yesterday	Will Shall be + V3   The letter will be written tomorrow	(He said that) the letter would be written the next day
Continuous (Progressive)	Am Is + being + V3 Are The letter is being writtennow.	Was (ед. ч.) Were + being + V3   The letter was being written at 5 o^’clock yesterday.
Perfect	Have (Has)+ been + V3 (Ved) The letter hasalready been written	Had + been + V3 (Ved) The letter had been written by 5 o^’clock yesterday	Will/Shall have + been + V3 The letter will have been written by 5 o^’clock tomorrow	(He said that) the letter would have been written by 5 o^’clock the next day

Таблица 26

1989 г.	nineteen eighty-nine
1800 г.	eighteen hundred
in 1970	in nineteen seventy
7th November, 1917 November, 7th, 1917	the seventh of November, nineteen seventeen November the seventh, nineteen seventeen

Таблица 27

To – в, к, на	Let's go to the cinema. When will the ship come to the port? Have they returned to Odessa? Ho: to go (come, return) home to come (return) here to go there
From – из, с, у, от	When did you come from Moscow? The wind is from the North. Take this book from Peter.
Into – в (внутрь)	Put the book into the bag.
out of – из (изнутри)	Take the book out of the bag.

Таблица 28

At – на, у, в	The students are at the lesson. I am sitting at the table. I study at the Maritime College.
In – в, на	The book is in the bag. I live in Sedov Street.
On – на	The map is on the wall.

Таблица 29

In – в, через	in May, in 1980, in summer, in two hours, in three days Запомните: in the morning – утром, in the afternoon – днем, in the evening – вечером
at – в	He gets up at 7 o'clock. Запомните: at midnight – в полночь at weekend – в выходные дни
On – (с днями недели, с датами)	We have our days off on Sundays. My birthday is on the 1st of June.
For – в течение	I have known him for 5 years.

Таблица 30

Предлоги, выполняющие функции падежей

Падеж	Предлоги	Примеры
Родительный Дательный   Творительный     Предложный	of to, for   by, with     about	Our port of call is Riga. Give this book to me, please. Do it for me. This poem has been translated by S. Marshak. Our ship is equipped with modern navigational instruments. Tell us about your last voyage, please.

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