Долгие и краткие суффиксы

Слогораздел и ударение.

Слогораздел в латинском языке такой же, как и в русском или украинском.

Me-di-ci-na, si-mi-lis, sto-ma-chus, phi-lo-so-phus.

В слове столько слогов, сколько гласных букв. Различают открытые слоги: su-tu-ra и закрытые: ex-trac-tum.

В латинском языке принято считать слоги от конца, что связано с правилами постановки ударения: dys-tro-phi-a (4-3-2-1).

Правила постановки ударения.

1. Ударение никогда не ставится на первый (от конца слова) слог: ca-lor, re-cens, vul-nus, pul-sus.

2. Ударение ставится на второй слог (от конца слова), если он долог: a-mi-cus, la-goe-na, gan-grae-na, pu-pil-la, li-ga-men-tum, re-fle-xus, com-ple-xus.

3. Если второй слог (от конца слова) краток, ударение ставится на третий (от конца слова) слог: in-tes-ti-num, la-mi-na, ce-re-brum, ca-ri-es, xi-pho-i-de-us.

Долгота или краткость третьего слога не имеет значения: fo-ve-o-la, mal-le-o-lus. На четвертый слог ударение никогда не ставится.

Некоторые суффиксы латинского языка всегда сохраняют долготу или краткость. Их необходимо запомнить.

Долгие суффиксы.

-UR-: tinctura, fissura, commissura.

-IN-: palatinus, leporinus, caninus.

-AT-, -UT-: destillatus, cornutus, caudatus.

-OS-: spinosus, spirituosus, cavernosus.

-AR-, -AL-: muscularis, molaris, mortalis, lacrimalis, mineralis.

Краткие суффиксы.

-UL-, -CUL-, -OL-: musculus, malleolus, fossula.

-IL-, -BIL-: facilis, stabilis, similis.

-ID-: fluidus, liquidus.

-IC-: gastricus, anatomicus, splenicus.

В суффиксе -IDE- ударение всегда ставится на букву I: sigmoideus, lambdoideus, sphaeroideus.

Ударение в словах и терминоэлементах греческого происхождения.

В греческих словах и терминоэлементах, которые заканчиваются на –IA, очень часто сохраняется греческое ударение на второй слог (т.е. на букву I).

Например: therapia, paediatria, orthopaedia; -aemia, -aesthesia, -algia, -chromia, -dermia, -odynia, -ectasia, - ectomia, -tomia, -phobia, -plegia, -rrhagia, -rrhaphia, -scopia, -stenia, -sthenia, -thermia, -tonia, etc.

Исключение составляют слова epilepsia, melancholia, dysenteria; и терминоэлемент –logia, в которых ударение падает на второй (от конца) слог.

Уровень I - II. Упражнение 1.

Определите правила чтения букв, буквосочетаний, постановки ударения, прочитайте термины.

1. Сaput, rotundus, bursa, tendo, materia, nervus, iugularis, maior, injectio, maialis, gyrus, pharynx, laesus, vertebrae, oedema, lagoena, trauma, aurum, pleura, pneumonia, аёr, dyspnoe.

2. Nervus, dens, febris, teres, Secale cornutum, benе, genu, tendo, littera, meatus, semen, fovea, diabetes.

3. Vitaminum, finio, bilis, nitris, insanabilis, maialis, Ianuarius, iunctura, ieiunum, iecur, iuvenis, jugum.

4. Dyspepsia, pyelitis, Hydrargyrum, hypotonia, amygdala, myopia, myoma.

5. Gangraena, anaemia, aeger, costae, laesio, praecordium, paediater, dens praemolaris, foetor, coelia, oesophagus, roentgenologia, auris, auditus, auscultatio, aura, autointoxicatio, nausea, fauces, leukaemia, aneurysma, neuritis, pneumonia, pseudomembrana, ёирnоё, аёr, diploe, uropoeticus.

6. Cerebrum, caverna, coepi, carcinoma, cervix, bacterium, cylindricus, cilium, Convallaria, cito, centum, verruca, siccus, cyaneus, colica, varicella, sectio, vesica, ulcus, coccygeus, coronalis, caementum, coccus, cocci, criticus, clinica, convalescens, causa, contractua, commotio cerebri.

7. Hydrops, habitus, vehemens, herba, hiems, hic, haema, hemicrania, hiatus.

8. Lux, labor, ampulla, sal, locus, longus, lumbalis, latus, columna, pulsus, medulla, pulmo.

9. Status, usus, incisura, cataplasma, consistentia, abscessus, fossa, cavernosus, musculosus, systema, dosis, organismus.

10. Radix, vertex, extensor, extractum, luxatio, xiphoideus, anthrax, meninx, proximalis, maximus.

11. Zygoma, zoonosis, Benzoe, ozaena, herpes zoster.

12.Qualis, quotidie, quoque, liquor, Quercus, coquo, squamosus, triquetrus, antiquus.

13. Sanguis, anguis, lingua, sublingualis, unguentum, subungualis.

14. Substantia, solutio, vitium cordis, palpatio, auscultatio, digestio, асtiо, combustio.

15. Typhus exanthematicus, erythema, cho­lecystitis, haemophilia, nephrolithiasis, cochlea, rhaphe, concha, chirurgus, chondros, physioldgia, ischuria, haemorrhagia, chloasma, thermotherapia, prophylaxis, paraesthesia, rhinorrhagia, thyreoideus, splanchnologia.

16. Polynuclearis, sectio caesarea, appendix, botulismus, exulceratus, naevus, phychosis, thalamus, systole, interosseus, trochanter, hirudo, aorta ascendens, manubrium, nephritis, os hyoideum, fovea, globulus, subaciditas, triplex, zymasa, reconvalescentia, valvula, bilateralis, pneumaticus, inhalatio, mesenterium, avirulentus, propaedeutica, tenesmos, punctio, remedia antipyretica, urolithiasis, sphenoidalis, incisio, embryo, pinguis, auricula, extremitas, multiplex, iecur, costae fluctuantes, xerosis, ulcus ventriculi, pulsus frequens, hypogastrium, membrana arachnoidea, iunctuга, pityroideus, noxius, syndromum, aequalis, spatium, lobulus, caseosus, neuroma, paediater, quadriceps, hydrops, ganglion, vesica fellea, remedia spasmolytica, exanthema.

17. Curatio, pleurltis, aether, limpidus, decoctum, cricoideus, sigmoideus, ellipsoideus, flavus, periudus critica, pylorus, medicamentum, dilutus, palpebra, abscessus, amarus, scabies, tabuletta, antidutum, abdomen, paralysis, oleum Ricini, tibia, vulnus, mobilis, chirurgus, arcus, gingiva, cerebellum, auri­cula, ramulus, cuticula, foveola, commissura, sutura, tinctura, apertura, fissura.

18. Unguentum, lacteus, diaeta, rabies, maxilla, mesenterium, hyoideus, Belladonna, ensiformis, coccygeus, venula, peritonaeum, emplastrum, remedium, areola, trochlearis, fractura, malignus, scaphoideus, affluxus, incisura.

19. Ana, dens, pes, flos, manus, facies, apis, Viola, avis, animal, fossa, foveola, Salvia, littera, nervus, vas, vena, rete, vertebra, sapo, pus, truncus, frons, dies, bovinus, frigidus, internus, lien, impar, majalis, pyramis, juventus, Juppiter, Jovis, iuvare, iucundus, jugularis, linimentum, Julius, iacere, immobilis, embyon, Juniperus, adjuvans, Juglans, innominatus, iudicare, injectio, Opium, ligamentum, fibula, odor, ars, Ferrum, pons, arteria, agitare, ala, alae.

20. Ego, elementum, epidermis, emplastrum, emulsum, immaturus, index, infusum, Juniperus, maialis, vinum, iugularis, iniectio, ius, oleum, observare, os,
organon — орган, optimus — найкращий.

21. Ulna, unus, utilis, ustus, ultlmus, systole, diastole, symptoma, Pyramidonum, pyramis, Hydrargyrum, Oxygenium.

22. Costa, centum, cavum, capitulum, lacrima, collum, color, fractura, cranium, саnalis, lac, crista, salicylicus, caecum, cellula, centralis, cito, Citrum, coena (cena), Cuprum, cutis, medicus, medici, medicum, cystis, ascites, arcus, collum, cylindraceus.
23. Saccharum, sapiens, scribere, secundus, spongiosus, sterilisare, organismus, mentalis, usus, fissura, dosis, Sulfur, transfusio, fuscus, gelatinosus, dens, spissus, consilium, causa, cariosus.

24. Radix, oxydum, radix dentis, extremitas, sex, exemplar, mixtura, radix Taraxaci, exanthema, exacte, extractum, Oryza, amylum Oryzae, zoologia, eczema, Benzoe, zygoma, zootoxinum, zonula, Zincum, influenza.

25. Aegrotus, gangraena, costae verae, praeparatum, аёr, paediater, Aloe, poёta, oedema, oesophagus, oedematosus, oesophagodynia, dyspnoe, diploe, роёmа, aeneus, amoeba, Aurum, аиdire, auris, auscultatio, auditus, autoplastiса, Eucalyptus, euрnоё, pneumonia, neu­rosis, Europa, Chamomilla, Chloroformium, charta cerata, therapia, Mentha, Althaea, thorax, thermometrum, rythmus, thermotherapia.

26. Pharmacologia, Phosphorus, Gamphora, rhaphe, pharmacon, symphysis, vas lymphaticum, encephalon, typhus exanthematicus, rheumatismus, rhinitis, Rheum, Glycyrrhiza, schisma, musculus ischiadicus, schola.

27. Lingua, sanguis, unguis, sanguifer, lingual, cosuetudo, adeps suillus, suo, suus, liquor, quinque, squama, quantum satis, quartus, Quercus, quadratus.
28. Auscultatio, operatio, mixtio, ostium, combustio, solutio, functio, vitium cordis, tibia, Tilia, bestia, dens sapientis, digestio, Liquiritia, dystrophia, hypertonia, hypodermaticus, hypothermia, hypochondriacus, hyperthermia, hyperoxaemia, syndromum, syndesmosis, syndesmologia, sympathicus, hydrochloricus, Hydrogenium, oxydum, oxydatus, oxygenotherapia, infusum, vomitus, venenum, solvere.

29. Belladonna, tabuletta, vulnus, cerebellum, decoctum, venter, balneum, vertebra, tibia, fissura, pilula, capsula, cartilago, pancreas, arcus, Aether, cerebrum, palpebra, scabies, fuscus, inflammatio, callosus, fibrosus, pelvinus, caudatus, саlidus, frigidus, caninus, dentatus, sutura, articularis, sanabilis, similis, frontalis, alveolus.

30. Aethereus, coracoideus, rernedium, deltoideus, laryngoscopia, osteomalacia, felleus, diaeta, ventriculus, argenteus, profundus, fossa, processus, Viola, otorrhagia, histologia, malleolus, muliebris, externus, tenorrhaphia, anhydrus, capillaris, vertebralis, mobilis, foveola, utilis, peronaeus (peroneus), Glycyrrhiza.

Parvus, terra, tuba, vomer, re'gio, tendo, gaster, digitus, gutta, genu, lege artis, Glycerihum, vulgaris, glandula, gracilis, signatura, mucilago, gemma, sagittalis, gelatinosus, vagus, homo, herba, hepar, habitus, humus, hyoideus, Ipecacuanha, hypnosis, Hippocrates, Hydrargyrum, hirudo, humerus, hydrops, Hydrogenium, habere, hepatitis, herpes, mel, fel, sal, sol, folium, pulmo, Plantago, oculus, myologia, longus, latus, mandibula, oleum, valvula, lupus, cartiligo, ligamentum, skeleton, sceleton, sceletum, skeletum, kefir, Kalium, Kalendae, keratitis, kephale, Kaolinum.

31. Caries, acidum, articularis, bacca, cylmdricus, соr, сornu, crus, Cuprum, cutis, clavicula, cavitas, cancer, Calendula, butyrum Cacao, Calcium, occiput, canalis, collega, cerebellum, cellula, cadaver, caecus, costa, color, bucca, accessorius, casus, cataplasma, divisio, basis, nasus, prognosis, commissura, ossa, posterior, saluber, sapo, spissus, crassus, gargarisma, sensus, transversus, transfusio, Sulfur, plasma, spasmus, incisura, externus, maximus, index, nux, simplex, flexor, cortex, extensor, Xeroformium, mixtus, examinatio, coccyx, exulceratus, exitus letalis, exempli causa, laxans, extremitas, extractum, peroxydum, pix, apex, radix, benzoas, trapezius, Zincum, Leuzea, horizontalis, azygos, protozoa, influenza, zygoma, Oryza, zoon, zoster, zygota, Zingiber, zyma.

32. Aequalis, aegritudo, haema, gangraena, caecum, praecipitatus, praesens, peronaeus, dens praemolaris, Graecus, sphaera, Crataegus, diaeta, phlyctaena, Althaea, praescribere, praematurus, vertebrae, coeliacus, foetor, роёtа, oesophagus, lagoena, euрnоё, foetus, Foeniculum, uropoeticus, poena, oedema, haemoptoe, coelia, auditivus, raucedo, trauma, autopsia, cauda, autointoxicatio, clausus, gaudere, fauces, Centaurea, Aurum, auscultare, nausea, nauta, auris, auricular, neurologia, pharmaceuta, neurocrinium, Euphyllinum, leucocytus, Eucalyptus, rheumatismus, dysрnоё.

33. Chole, bronchus, cholecystis, charta, Chamomilla, Chloroformium, trochanter, stomachus, cochlear, chirurgus, arachnoideus, Chelidonium, chronicus, chloridum, chorda, ischiadicus, ischuria, splanchnocranium, schema, concha, encephalon, aphonia, lymphaticus, nephritis, asphyxia, hemispherium, diaphragma, pharynx, phosphas, phalanx, pharmacon, xiphoideus, Ichthyolum, asthenia, asthma, athleta, typhus exanthematicus, thyreoideus, Thermopsis, ethmoidalis, Terebinthina, labyrinthus, aethylicus, catharticus, phthisis, rhaphe, rhis, Glycyrrhiza, ptyalorrhoea, Rheum, rhomboideus, rhizoma, rhexis, rhachis, Rhamnus, rhythmicus, haemorrhagia.

34. Distinguere, sublingualis, singularis, angulus, fungulus, pinguis, Sanguisorba, lingua, unguentum, ungula, squamosus, quantitas, qualitas, Equisetum, quantum satis, antiquus, liquidus, quaterni, utraque, frequens, obliquus, quadriceps, quotidie, quindecim, liquor, aqua, coquere, repetitio, palpatio, tinctura, circulatio sanguinis, festinare, periosti­tis, constituens, Triticum, tibialis, ostium, vitium cordis, otium post negotium, titillatio, inflammatio, combustio, mixtio, consuetudo, suaviter, consuescere, suus, suadere, sulcus, causa sui, suum cuique, suillus.

35. Hyperaemia, Hydrogenium, Oxygenium, myoma, symbiosis, hypogastricus, dysgeusia, hydrothorax, hypalgesia, myodynia, dysopsia, synarthrosis, symphysis, synchondrosis, hyposthenia, hydraemia, hydrocephalia, dysmyotonia, glycogeusia, Oxycoccus, peroxydum, Glycerinum, salicylicus, methylicus, aethylicus, acetylsalicylicus, cardioplegia, mycotherapia, mycosis, Synthomycinum, synthesis, polyvitaminum.

36. Sanatorium, immobilis, ab origine, studere, habere, locus, dens, oculus, antiquus, basis, optimus, major, minimus, pessimus, servare, aqua, populus, nauta, anima, cerebellum, cura, directus, filia, genus, herba, humanus, lectio, memoria, niger, numerus, gaster, alimentatio, observare, odium, ordinare, parare, patria, permanere, pulmo, probare, fundus, recipere, vulgus, salutare, sol, odor, oppositus.

Lambdoideus, malignus, myocardium, peritonaeum, subrotundus, Viburnum, trochanter, superficies, contraho, convexus, adultus, diversus, Belladonna, complexus, depressus, expiratio, epiglottis, filiformis, integumentum, laryngeus, Oryza, papilla, profundus, sinister, sudorifer, stomachus, extremitas, tussis, axis, cervix, centimetrum, sagitta, sphaera, Ephedra, Chamomilla, Tormentilla, accessorius, vertebra, tabuletta, idaeus, extrahunt, reliquus, exemplum, deferens, inlaesus, medulla, palpebra, triquetrus, maxilla, margo.

37. Globulus, anserinus, gelatinosus, analgeticus, auricularis, hepaticus, scapula, insanabilis, calidus, particula, vaselinum, iliacus, oblongatus, vesicula, utilis, resticulus, lumbalis, mobilis, locatus, sacculus, pilula, alveolus, Adrenalinum, coronalis, contagiosus, ossiculum, solidus, incisura, medicatus, spinosus, umbilicus, cardiacus, ventriculus, innominatus, lingula, caroticus, commissura, maxillaris, cultura, validus, difficilis, nasalis, musculus, scapula, oleosus, foveola, quadratus, corpusculum, frigidus, mucosus, arteriola, lacuna, iunctura, dilutus, solutus, clavicula.

38. Abdomen, adamantinus, aditus, amygdala, anonymus, apophysis, bigeminus, cadaver, cartilago, cerumen, crystalllhus, serotmus, diastema, diploe, incisivus, duodenum, femina, foramen, gingivae, harmonia, hernia, intimus, lacerus, lamina, obliquus, olecranon, declive, opponens, orbita, palatum, platysma, prostata, scalenus, senilis, masseter, meatus, pylorus, saluber, collega, pharmacopola, diabetes.

Уровень III. Упражнение 2.

Прочитайте, поставьте ударение.

I. 1. Columna vertebralis – позвоночный столб. 2. Fovea costalis – реберная ямка. 3. Processus articularis – суставной отросток. 4. Ala sacralis – крестцовое крыло. 5. Cornu coccygeum – копчиковый рог. 6. Apertura thoracis – отверстие грудной клетки. 7. Sulcus sinus occipitalis - борозда затылочной пазухи. 8. Pars lateralis – боковая часть. 9. Linea temporalis – височная линия. 10. Facies interna – внутренняя поверхность. 11. Fossa cranii media – средняя ямка черепа. 12. Caput obliquum – косая головка. 13.Venae cavae – полые вены. 14. Regio nasi – участок носа. 15. Digitus minimus – наименьший палец (мизинец). 16. Os longum – длинная кость. 17. Vena profunda – глубокая вена.

II. 1. Arteria lingualis – языковая артерия. 2. Regiones capitis – участки головы. 3. Musculus transversus menti – поперечная мышца подбородка. 4. Pars profunda – глубокая часть. 5. Ligamentum apicis dentis – связка верхушки зуба. 6. Sutura palatine – небный шов. 7. Musculus masseter – жевательная мышца. 8. Canalis mandibulae – канал нижней челюсти. 9. Processus coronoideus – венечный отросток. 10. Fovea pterygoidea – крыловидная ямка. 11. Corpus ossis hyoidei – тело подъязычной кости. 12. Crista palati­na – небный гребень. 13. Alveolus dentalis – зубная альвеола. 14.Sinus maxillaries – верхнечелюстная пазуха. 15. Collum den­tis – шейка зуба. 16. Papillae linguae – сосочки языка.

III. 1. Anatomia – наука о строении человеческого тела. 2. Zoologia – наука о животных. 3. Anaemia - малокровие. 4. Histologia – наука о тканях. 5. Hydrotherapia - водолечение. 6. Dermatologus – дерматолог. 7. Cephalalgia – головная боль.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-17