Lesson 4

Your idea of the economy of the future.

Such an eco-economy will affect every side of our lives. It will change how we light our homes, what we eat, where we live, how we use our free time, and how many children we have. It will give us a world where we are a part of nature.

Save the Planet

Today's global economy has been formed by market, not by the principles of ecology. This has created an economy that is destroy­ing its natural support system (система естественной поддерж­ки). It is eco-economy that we need today to save the planet. An eco-economy is one that satisfies our needs without affecting the prospects of future generations to meet their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to turn our economy into in eco-economy. To build an eco-economy means to restore carbon balance, to stabilize popula­tion and water use, and to conserve forests, soils and variety of plant and animal life in the world.

Building a new economy means eliminating and replacing old industries, restructuring existing ones, and creating new ones. The generation of electricity from wind is one such industry. Soon mil­lions of turbines will be turning wind into electricity. In many countries, wind will provide both electricity and hydrogen. To­gether, electricity and hydrogen can meet all the energy needs of a modern society.

Another industry that will play an important part in the new economy is management of available water supply most efficiently. Irrigation technology will become more efficient. The recycling of urban waste water will become common. At present, water flows into and out of cities, carrying waste with it. In the future, water will be used again and again, never discharged (спускать, выливать). As water does not lose its quality from use, there is no limit to how long it can be used, as long as (пока) it is cleaned before reuse.

One can easily see eco-economy changes in some countries. It is known that Denmark is the eco-economy leader. It has stabilised its population, banned (запрещать) the construction of coal power plants, banned the use of non-refillable drink containers, and is now getting 15 per cent of its electricity from wind. Besides, it has restructured its urban transport networks; now 32 per cent of all trips in Copenhagen are on bicycles. Denmark is still not close (near) to balancing carbon emission, but it is moving in that direction.

B. Speak about:

Согласование времен

Дополнение

Дополнительные придаточные предложения

Суффикс -ible/-able

Префикс dis-

Текст 4А. Television Текст 4В. Telegraph Текст 4С. Telephone Текст 4D. Talking via Space

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Повторите времена групп Indefinite (Simple), Continuous, Perfect. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и форме.

At the time I first (meet) Mr. Alien in 1990, he (consider) the possibility of studying foreign languages again. He (forget) every­thing that he (learn) about Latin and French at school. The lan­guages that he (want) (learn) at that time (be) Spanish and Portuguese. He (to be going) to study those languages in the De­partment of General Education at New York University. There­fore, he (enrol) that school in 1991.

After my friend (finish) studying at New York University he ecide) (go) to South America for a year. Because he (be, never) there before, he (enjoy) visiting the famous cities of Brazil and Ar­gentina. He liked Sao Paulo so much that he (consider) staying there much longer. Before that time he (hope, always) to find a place with an ideal climate. Therefore, Sao Paulo (seem) to be a real paradise (рай). However, he (spend) all his money and (to be forced) to return.

Now my friend Mr. Alien (plan) (visit) France next year. He (leave) for Paris on March 15. Mr. Alien (visit) also Germany on the same trip. He realizes that he must (learn) French and German before he (go) to Europe. At present he (take) a course in French in preparation for the trip. He (think) that French (be) quite easy. Of course he (be, never) in France before, so he (have) little opportu­nity to hear French. He (work) very hard at his French every day. He (study) German at New York University next semester. I am sure that he (have) no language problem in the other countries when he (get) there. Many people in those countries (understand) English or French.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен.

1. We knew that his family lived in Orel. 2. He said that the stu­dents of that group were studying in the library. 3. She thought that she might finish her work by two o'clock. 4.1 didn't think he could come there in time. 5. She said that her name was Lena. 6. The stu­dents were told that they had three lectures every day. 7. The dean said that he was busy. 8. We found that he had studied mathematics at the University. 9. The newspapers reported that the Trade Union Congress had finished its work. 10. Students were informed that they would have industrial training in the third year. 11. The weather-man reported over the radio that it would be cold the fol­lowing weekend.

Упражнение 3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках согласно правилу согласова­ния времен.

A. 1. Не says that he (want) to be an engineer. 2. He thinks that
he (see) a new device already. 3. He knows that he (lose) his watch
yesterday. 4. He says that he (help) with work next week. 5. He said
that he (know) him. 6. He understood that the speaker (be) in Lon­
don recently. 7. He said that he (think) about it later. 8. He asked
what they (want) to do. 9. They asked when we (come) to see
him. 10. He asked if I (can) stay with them. 11. The teacher
wanted to know whether I (be) good at maths. 12. The professor
wanted to know whether I (take) part in our conference the week
before. 13. My friend wanted to know whether I (go) to the library
next Saturday. 14. He asked which book she (read) at that moment.

B. 1. The engineer was told that he (may) test the device in the
afternoon. 2. It was known that the head of our laboratory (be) a
graduate of Moscow University. 3. They thought that she (graduate)

from a technical institute. 4. Our professor informed us that he (give) the following lecture on quantum mechanics on Monday. 5. At the meeting it was said that our lecturer (work) at a new programme of laboratory work. 6. The teacher told us that the term «engineering» (have) many Russian equivalents. 7. The chief engi­neer believed that we (work) at that problem for a month the fol­lowing summer.

Упражнение 4. Переделайте следующие предложения в косвенную речь, поставив глагол в главном предложении в прошедшем времени. Например:

Тот wants to spend the winter in Texas.

They said that Tom wanted to spend the winter in Texas.

He asked if Tom wanted to spend the winter in Texas.

1. Mary wants to take a course in German. 2. Ann does not work at the college. 3. The laboratories have new TV sets. 4. The teacher will give you further instructions. 5. Where are you coming from? 6. The lecture will begin in five minutes. 7. John has learned grammar for two years. 8. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? 9. Does Bob go to the library every day?

Упражнение 5. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Мой друг сказал, что он много работает. 2. Ученый сооб­щил, что он написал статью о своей работе. 3. Меня спроси­ли, сделал ли я свою работу. 4. Она хотела знать, будет ли он летом в Москве. 5. Мы спросили преподавателя, сколько но­вых слов в четвертом уроке. 6. Мы не знали, будет ли у него практика летом. 7. Он сказал, что знает два иностранных язы­ка. 8. Он знал, что ее брат живет в Самаре.

Упражнение 6. Определите, чем выражено дополнение в предложениях, переведите.

1. The students of our group saw a new film yesterday. They said it was very interesting. 2. The dean's assistant told us to do all our work in time. 3. Our laboratory has been equipped with modern devices. 4. The students were informed at the meeting that they would have their practical training in St. Petersburg. 5. We asked the dean if he was busy. 6. The new student asked when our lec­tures would begin. 7. He also asked to show him where the chem­istry laboratory was. 8. He wanted to know whether we had already had our industrial training. 9. I did not know then if I should see him again. 10. We didn't know whether it would be possible to use a computer for our work.

Упражнение 7. Обратите внимание на перевод предлога by в предложе­ниях.

1. By 3 o'clock I shall be free and go with you to the library. 2. By the end of the second year we shall have finished studying the main engineering subjects. 3. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 4. By the year 2010 cable television will have been used more widely. 5. By the spring of 1945 World War II was over.

Упражнение 8. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.

it is true; compared to; to be of importance; a lot of; to be inte­rested in; like; a step forward; at the right time; direct to; to put into memory.

интересоваться; иметь значение; по сравнению с; ввести в память; шаг вперед; как, подобно; верно (правильно); в нуж­ное время; много; непосредственно на.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Упражнение 8. А. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:

существительное или глагол + -ible/-able = прилагательное

access — доступ -> accessible — доступный

to rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,

practice — осуществление (на практике) -> practicable —

осуществимый to use — usable, to consider — considerable, to avail — available;

префикс dis- (имеет отрицательное значение) to appear — появляться -> to disappear — исчезать to like — to dislike, illusion — disillusion, similar — dissimilar, comfort — discomfort, to connect — to disconnect, connection — disconnection, connected — disconnected, to organize — to disor­ganize, organized — disorganized, organization — disorganization.

В. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:

tele- (на большом расстоянии) television, telegraph, telegraphy, telemetry phone, text, scope, printer, communication; photo- (имеющий отношение к свету или фотографии)

photon, photograph, photography, photographic copy, finish, meter, electric, sensitive.

Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

television ['teli,vi3⁹ⁿL action ['эек/эп], territory ['tenteri], material [ma'tiariel], million ['miljen], communication [k9,mju:ni'keij9n], central ['sentral], programme ['preugraem], transmission [traenz'mijan], telephone ['telifaun], cable ['keibl], signal ['signl], crystal ['kristl], code [keud], visual ['vijjuel], video, regular ['regjula], zones ['zeunz].

Упражнение 10. Прочитайте и запомните произношение следующих слов:

tiny ['taini], fair [fee], research [n'saitj"], to spread [spred], in­stead [in'sted], watch [wotf], provide [pra'vaid], artificial [,a:ti'fij9l], convenient [kan'vr.njent], nowadays ['nauadeiz], wire ['waia], launching ['lo:ntfiqJ, to break [breik], to produce [pra'djir.s], production [pre'dAkJan], to weigh [wei], clear [klia], major ['meidsa], available [a'veilabl], satellite ['saetalait], size [saiz], tape [teip], liquid [likwid], magazine ^maege'ziin].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ

appear v — появляться influence п — влияние
artificial а — искусственный means п — средство
compare v — сравнивать nowadays adv — сейчас, в на-
contain v — содержать, вмещать стоящее время
continuous а — непрерывный occur v — происходить, возни-
convenient а — удобный кать
direct а — прямой, непо- rapidly adv — быстро
средственный research п — исследование
during ргр — в течение, во simultaneously adv — одновре-
время, в продолжение менно
equipment п — оборудование state v — утверждать
essentially adv — по сущест- switch on v — включать
ву, главным образом time п — время, times — раз
etc (etcetera) — и т. д. transmit v — передавать
exist v — существовать watch v — наблюдать, смотреть
few а — мало, немного weigh v — весить, взвешивать
a few — несколько within ргр — в пределах, в, через

a lot of — много;

to be able to — мочь, быть в состоянии

Text 4A

Прочитайте текст и найдите абзацы, содержащие информацию о разви­тии различных видов телевизионных систем в хронологической последова­тельности. Переведите.

Television

The television set is evidently the most important and popular electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are consider­ably more TV sets than telephones.

But in 1939 at the World's Fair in New York a tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was the centre of attention for hundreds of people. They were the first to see a television set in action. Compared to to­day's TV shows of underwater and outer-space research, those first black-white pictures were not very good. The pictures were only transmitted from one side of the Fair territory to the other. But in 1939 they were of historical importance.

Within a few days the news of television spread throughout the world. A lot of people wanted to have a look¹ at the new invention. Everyone was interested in it. But only few people owned television sets in the next few years. When World War II broke out² electronic factories that began the TV production stopped making them and started making war materials instead. When the war was over, TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines. By 1958 there were millions of them.

In a surprisingly short time people watched fewer films and turned from newspapers and magazines to TV. In its short history television has had great influence on people's life and way of think­ing. Rocket-launching, concerts and football and tennis matches can be seen direct as they occur. The boundaries of time and space have disappeared.

At present TV communication is provided with the help of a system of artificial earth satellites so that people living in different parts of the country and all over the world and in different time zones are able to watch the central TV programs at the most conve­nient hours.

Nowadays many countries also have cable TV, a system using wires for the transmission of television programs (like telephone calls). Cable television first appeared in 1949 as a means of trans­mitting TV signals to rural and mountain areas far from big cities. Cable television's next big step forward was made by the mid — 1980s. Scientists announced that many technical problems had

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