St Conditional

Read the examples. Complete the grammar rules.

THE NEW AGE OF THE TRAIN

Underline five verbs in the text which refer to the future.

Read the article about European train travel in the next century. Answer the questions.

LESSON 10

EUROPE’S HIGH-SPEED FUTURE

GRAMMAR: FUTURE INDEFINITE; FIRST CONDITIONAL

· What is the CER proposal?

· When did the first TGV line start operating?

· What effect have high-speed trains had on airlines on many routes?

In January 1989, the Community of European Railways (CER) presented their proposal for a high-speed, pan-European train network, extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland, by the year 2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today. Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Milan to Marseilles, and from Barcelona to Madrid, will be by train, not plane.

When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high­speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300kph; upgraded lines, which allow for speeds up to 200-225kph; and existing lines, for local connections and distri­bution of freight.

If business people can choose between a three-hour train journey from city centre to city centre, and a one-hour flight, they'll choose the train/ says an executive travel consultant. They won't go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in, and travel to and from the airport, you'll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late, due to bad weather or air traffic congestion or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first!'

Since France introduced the first 260kph TGV service between Paris and Lyon in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their pass­engers to high-speed trains. If people accept the CER's plan, the 21st century will be The New Age of the Train'.

Future: will, 1st Conditional, if and when

will

· Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today

· Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris.

· They won’t go by plane any more.

1).Use…………….+infinitive to predict future situations and actions.

Note: will becomes ‘ll in spoken English, except in short answers.

will not becomes won't in spoken English.

· If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe.

· If people accept the CER’s plan, the 21st century will be ‘The New Age of the Train’.

2).To make the 1st Conditional, use if + the …… ……., + will + infinitive.

Use the …….. ……. to express a future possibility and its result.

if and when

If your plane arrives late, the train passengers will arrive at their destination first!

When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway lines.

3).Use if to express a possibility and …… to express a certainty.

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