Russian entrepreneurship

Read the text and be ready to do the tasks.

Read and translate the following words paying attention to the stress displacement.

Give the initial form of the following words.

Entrepreneurship, traditional, freedom, development, successfully, agreement, creativity, independent, operation, activity, primarily, employer, locally, illegal, management, lowest, nineteenth, monopolization, education, acceptance, government, taxation, financial, healthy, weakness.

ˈPolicy – poliˈtician

ˈlimit – limiˈtation

eˈconomy – ecoˈnomic

ˈsystem – systeˈmatic

ˈactive – acˈtivity

creˈate – creaˈtivity

ˈindustry – inˈdustrial

ˈmajor – maˈjority

ˈtax – taˈxation

ˈoperate – opeˈration

conˈtribute – contriˈbution

aˈvailable – availaˈbility

proˈduce – ˈproduct

empˈloy – employˈee

transˈform – transforˈmation

Text A

The role of entrepreneurship is of interest to business people, politicians, college professors and students. While entrepreneurship research has focused on entrepreneurs and their businesses in the Western countries, the aspect of entrepreneurship in Russia has received limited attention. The dramatic changes that have occurred in the once controlled economy of Russia in the 1990s have raised many questions: Can entrepreneurship in Russia change the traditional state – dominated system with limited economic freedom and contribute to global market developments? What is the profile of Russian entrepreneurs? What is necessary to successfully carry out entrepreneurial activities in Russia?

Entrepreneurship as a social phenomenon reflects the basic conditions that foster the economic development as a result of human creativity, new ideas and innovations. There is a general agreement among the scholars that entrepreneurship facilitates economic freedom and economic creativity. Economic freedom makes available a certain amount of rights that guarantee independent decision – making in choosing the type and field of economic activity and methods of operation. Economic creativity results in the new businesses and jobs being created.

In the Soviet Union the phenomenon of Russian entrepreneurship was not emphasized primarily due to the following factors. First, from the point of view of economics, the state was the only employer legally capable to exploit economic freedom and creativity disregarding the illegal “shadow economy”. Second, the Communist Party monopolized responsibility for management development and economic transformations resulting in censorship of Russian economic history. Only in the late 1980s were a few books on management by Western authors finally translated into Russian.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29