Roman arcitecture

Part I

ROMAN ARCITECTURE

B) Explain the words in bold from the text and make up sentences of your own. Use English-English dictionaries to help you.

7 Choose the right sentence:

1. Craftsmen worked in the finest materials.

a) Craftsmen used precious stones for their creations;

b) Craftsmen used concrete in their work;

c) It was forbidden for craftsmen to use the finest materials in their work.

2. The copper statues of Pepi I and his son are still impressive.

a) These statues were made of stone;

b) The copper statues of Pepi I and his son have nit survived;

c) These statues have the power of affecting and gaining attention and feeling.

3. Fortresses were built to defend the southern and eastern borders of ancient Egypt.

a) Fortresses were built in the west of ancient Egypt;

b) Fortresses were erected to protect the southern and eastern boundaries of Ancient Egypt;

c) During the Middle Kingdom many fortresses were built.

4. The beginning of the new kingdom is associated with the blossoming of the arts and crafts of ancient Egypt.

a) This was a period of stagnation in the history of arts;

b) In this period craftsmen and artists were ordered great temples and palaces to be built throughout Egypt;

c) During the New Kingdom the arts and crafts flourished.

5. The Ptolomies built numerous temples of traditional style.

a) Numerous palaces were built by the Ptolomies;

b) Many traditional temples were constructed under the Ptolomies;

c) Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the lings of the 4^th Dynasty.

8 Give the English equivalents to the following and use them in small situations:

художники и ремесленники; под покровительством царя и знати; храмы солнца; достигать новых вершин мастерства; расцвет искусств и ремесел; поощрять художников и ремесленников; достижения, прославляющие царей и могущество богов; погребальный храм царицы Хатшепсут; преемники Александра Великого; расцвет торговли и экономики; внутреннее святилище; килт короля; защищать южные и восточные границы; храмы, сделанные в традиционном стиле.

LANGUAGE FOCUS  

9 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below:

Modern knowledge of Roman Architecture derives primarily 1) _____ extant remains scattered 2) _____ the area of the empire. Some are well preserved, and others are known only in fragments and by theoretical restoration. Another source of information is a vast store of records. Especially important is a book 3) _____ architecture 4) _____ the ancient Vitruvius. His De Architectura (c. 27 BC) is the only treatise survived 5) _____ ancient times. It consists 6) _____ 10 books and covers almost every aspect on architecture.

Pervasive Roman predilection was for spatial composition – the organization of lines, surfaces, masses, and volumes 7) _____ space. In this the Romans differed 8) _____ their predecessors 9) _____ the ancient Mediterranean world, and, however freely they used the elements of earlier styles, in Rome or in the provinces they recast them according 10) _____ their own taste.

in(x2) throughout from(x3) by on to of

10 Choose the correct word to fill in the gap:

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