Air Traffic Service

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE

UNIT 2

Topics for Discussion

Answer the questions.

1. When and where was IATA founded?

2. What was the aim of creating IATA?

3. How many airlines are there in this organization?

4. What aspects does IATA deal with?

5. How many main offices are there?

6. Where are main offices situated?

7. What is the highest body of the Association?

8. How many people are there in the Executive Committee?

9. What is the Executive Committee elected by?

10. What committees does the Executive Committee carry out its work through?

11. What does IATA deal with?

12. Why is the field of Traffic the most complex one?

13. What factors does the IATA Medical Committee deal with?

14. What are IATA’s aims?

15. Why are the aims of IATA very important?

1. Role of aviation in your life.

2. Books in aviation you have read.

3. Why have you chosen a profession of a controller/ pilot?

4. Why is it necessary to know the history of aviation?

5. Outstanding designers who you know.

6. Military aircraft and civil ones. Is there any difference?

7. Have you ever been to any aviation museum / show?

8. The first astronaut of Ukraine. Have you seen him?

9. What do you know about the first cosmonaut in the world?

10. What famous pilots / aircraft designers would you like to meet?

11. The Single European Sky. How do you understand it?

12. Why has airspace capacity been increased?

13. Speak about any European airport you have visited.

14. EUROCONTROL aviation publications.

15. A Single Market, A Single Currency, A Single Sky. Are you for or against it? Why?/ Why not?

Exercise 2.1.1 Read and translate the text.

Control of air traffic was almost unknown when ICAO was founded in 1944. Today the air traffic control, flight information and alerting services, which together comprise air traffic services, rank high among the indispensable ground support facilities which ensure the safety and efficient operation throughout the world.

Annex 11 to the ICAO Convention defines air traffic services and specifies the world-wide Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) applicable in the provision of these services.

The world’s airspace is divided into a series of contiguous flight information.

Regions (FIRs) within which air traffic services are provided. In some cases, the flight information regions cover large oceanic areas with relatively low air traffic density, within which only flight information service and alerting service are provided. In other flight information regions, large portions of the airspace are controlled airspace within which air traffic control service is provided in addition to flight information and alerting service.

The prime objective air traffic services, as defined in Annex 11, is to prevent collision between aircraft, whether taxiing on the manoeuvring area, taking-off, landing, en-route or in the holding pattern at destination aerodrome. The Annex also, deals with ways of expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic and providing advice and information for the safe and efficient conduct of flights and alerting service for aircraft in distress. To meet these objectives, ICAO provisions call for the establishment of flight information centres and air traffic control units.

The aircraft fly in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) or Visual Flighty Rules (VFR). Under IFR, the aircraft fly from one radio aid to the next or by reference to self-contained airborne navigation equipment from which the pilot can determine the aircraft's position at all times. IFR flights are conducted through all but severe weather conditions, while aircraft flying under VFR must remain clear of clouds.and operate in visibility conditions which will permit the pilot to see and avoid other aircraft. IFR flights are provided with air control service when operating in controlled airspace. When operating in uncontrolled airspace, flight information service, which includes information on known traffic, is provided the pilot is responsible for arranging the flight to avoid other traffic. Control service is normally not provided to VFR flights, unless in specific areas, in which case VFR flights are separated from IFR flights but no separations is provided between VFR flights, unless specifically required by the ATC authority. However, not all aircraft are provided with air traffic services. If an aircraft is operating entirely outside of controlled airspace in an area where a flight plan is not required, the flight may not even be known to air traffic services.

Air traffic control service consists of clearances issued by air traffic control units to achieve longitudinal, vertical or lateral separation between aircraft, in accordance with the provisions set out in Annex 11.

Air Traffic Controllers at control centres in more than 60 countries of the world use the advanced technologies and the commitment to safety for those who fly. As aviation training requires a working knowledge of equipment, which is in a continuous process of innovation and modification, it is necessary to have a dedicated and skillful staff. The continuing changes in equipment and the rapid computerization is being held in many airports of Ukraine.

Aviation safety and efficiency, depends on strict and rigorous professional training. The people selected to look after, and be responsible for the safety of aircraft both on the ground and in the air, must show before acceptance that they have some experience in aviation.

Exercise 2.1.2 Answer the questions.

1. When was ICAO founded?

2. Why was the control of air traffic almost unknown at that time?

3. What does ATS stand for?

4. What does control of air traffic provide?

5. What does Annex 11 to the ICAO Convention define?

6. What is the world’s airspace divide into?

7. What kind of services are large oceanic areas provided with?

8. What is the prime objective of air traffic services?

9. What do ICAO provisions call for?

10. What type of flights do you know?

11. What does IFR stand for?

12. What does VFR stand for?

13. What can you tell about IFR flights?

14. What flight conditions are necessary for VFR flights?

15. What does air traffic control service consist of?

16. Why do ATC controllers use the advanced technologies?

17. Why is it necessary to have a dedicated and skillful staff?

18. What can you tell about the rapid computerization in many airports of Ukraine?

19. What information is an aircraft in the uncontrolled airspace provided with?

20. What does aviation safety depend on?

Exercise 2.1.3 What do the following abbreviations stand for.

ICAO; SARPS; FIRs; IFR; VFR; ATS; ATC.

Exercise 2.1.4 Write T if the sentence is true and F if the sentence is false.

1. ICAO was founded in 1946.

2. The air traffic control, flight information and alerting services comprise air traffic services.

3. Annex 11 defines air traffic services and specifies the world-wide Standards and Recommended Practices applicable in the provision of these services.

4. The main objective of air traffic services is to prevent collision between aircraft.

5. ICAO provisions call for the establishment of flight information centres and air traffic control units.

6. The aircraft fly in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules or Visual Flight Rules.

7. Control service is normally provided to VFR flights.

8. All aircraft are provided with air traffic services.

9. If an aircraft is operating entirely outside the controlled airspace in an area where a flight plan is not required, the flight may not even be known to air traffic services.

10. ATC controllers do not use the advanced technologies in their work.

11. It is necessary to have a dedicated and skillful staff.

12. The continuing changes in equipment and the rapid computerization is not being held at many airports in Ukraine.

13. Aviation safety and efficiency depends on strict and rigorous professional training.

14. It is necessary to provide a strict selection of people who are going to work in aviation.

15. ATC controllers are responsible for the safety of flights.

Exercise 2.1.5 Give the English equivalents for the following.

Управление воздушным движением; неизвестный; полетно-информационное обслуживание; служба аварийного оповещения; занимать высокое положение; обеспечивать безопасность и эффективность полетов; во всем мире; Приложение 11 к Конвенции ИКАО; Стандарты и Рекомендуемые Практика ИКАО; мировое воздушное пространство; делиться на …, в некоторых случаях; большие океанические районы; низка плотность воздушного движения; в дополнении к; огромные части воздушного пространства; основная (главная) задача; предотвратить столкновение; зона маневрирования; зона ожидания; аэродром назначения; иметь дело с …, безопасное и эффективное осуществление полетов; воздушное судно, терпящее бедствие; чтобы соответствовать этим требованиям; полетно-информационные центры; органы УВД; в соответствии с …, правила полетов по приборам; правила визуального полета; при инструментальных (визуальных) правилах полета; определить местоположения воздушного судна; сложные погодные условия; контролируемое воздушное пространство; разойтись (обойти) с другим воздушным судном; однако; состоять из …; продольное / боковое вертикальное эшелонирование; в более чем 60 стран мира; передовые технологии; необходимо; быть ответственным за …; квалифицированный (опытный) штат сотрудников; авиационная безопасность; профессиональная подготовка; на земле и воздухе; быстрые изменения; во многих других аэропортах; иметь опыт работы в области авиации.

Exercise 2.1.6 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and word combinations.

Nearly; to guarantee; all over the world; to state (to indicate); to separate (to part); large parts of airspace; also; the main goal; to stop; a plane4 recommendation; to be in trouble; according to; difficult weather conditions; out of clouds; to allow (to clear); progressive technologies; an experienced personnel; is being taken place; firm (exact, precise) professional training; some practice (participation) in aviation.

Exercise 2.1.7 State what part of speech the following words belong to.

1. comprise

a) noun b) verb c) adverb d) adjective

2. airspace

a) preposition b) article c) verb d) noun

3. for

a) adverb b) participle c) preposition d) article

4. responsible

a) verb b) adverb c) noun d) adjective

and

a) noun b) conjunction c) adverb d) article

Exercise 2.1.8 Match the words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

a)

A	B
1. alerting service	а. предотвратить столкновение
2. throughout the world	в. в дополнение к …
3. to divide into	с. иметь дело с …
4. air traffic density	d. самолет, терпящий бедствие
5. in addition to	e. контролируемое воздушное пространство
6. contiguous	f. разделить на ….,
7. to prevent collision	g. смежный, прилегающий к …,
8. controlled airspace	h. по всему миру
9. to deal with	i. плотность воздушного движения
10. aircraft in distress	j. служба аварийного оповещения

b)

A	B
1. aviation safety	a. квалифицированный штат
2. flow of air traffic	b. в соответствии с …
3. rapid computerization	c. обязательство
4. skillful staff	d. поток воздушных судов
5. to be responsible for	e. обеспечить
6. in accordance with	f. передовые технологии
7. commitment	g. зависеть от
8. to provide	h. авиационная безопасность
9. advanced technologies	i. быть ответственным за …
10. to depend on	j. быстрая компьютеризация

Exercise 2.1.9 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets.

1. The air traffic control, flight information and alerting services _____________ (include, contain, comprise) air traffic services.

2. Annex 11 defines air traffic services and _____________ (indicates, specifies, defines) the world-wide Standards and Recommended Practices _____________ (appropriate, suitable, applicable) in the provision of these services.

3. The world’s airspace is divided into a series of ______________ (adjacent, bordering, contiguous) flight information.

4. The ________________ (basic goal, main aim, prime objective) of air traffic services is to _______________ (avoid accident, stop crash, prevent collision) between aircraft.

5. The Annex also ____________ (copes, deals, manages) with ways of expending and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic and ________________ (giving, producing, providing) advice information for the safe and efficient _____________ (operation, handling, conduct) of flights and alerting service for aircraft in _______________ (trouble, distress, failure).

6. The aircraft fly ______________ (according to, in accordance with, correspondingly to) the IFR and VFR.

7. Aviation training ____________ (needs, requires, demands) a working knowledge of equipment.

8. It is necessary to have a dedicated and _____________ (experienced, skilled, skillful) staff.

9. The continuing changes in equipment and the _____________ (fast, quick, rapid) computerization is being held at many airports of Ukraine.

10. Aviation safety and efficiency _________ (relies, depends, trusts) on strict and ___________ (through, precise, rigorous) professional training.

Exercise 2.1.10 Fill in the gaps with the related words.

1. ICAO was founded ________ 1944.

2. Air traffic services rank high ______ the indispensable ground support facilities which ensure the safety operations.

3. The world’s airspace is divided ______ a series of contiguous flight information regions.

4. The prime objective ______ air traffic services is to provide collision ______ aircraft, whether taxing ______ the manoeuvring area, taking-off, landing, en-route or ______ holding pattern destination aerodrome.

5. Annex 11 also deals _____ ways ______ expediting and maintaining an orderly flow _____ air traffic and providing advice and information ______ the safe and efficient conduct of flights and alerting service _____ aircraft _____ distress.

6. The aircraft fly _____ accordance _____ the IFR rules and VFR rules.

7. Not all aircraft are provided _____ air traffic services.

8. Air traffic controllers _____ control centres _____ more than 60 countries _____ the world use the advanced technologies.

9. Aviation safety and efficiency depends _____ strict and rigorous professional training.

10. Air traffic controllers are responsible _____ the safety _____ flights.

Exercise 2.1.11 Fill in the prepositions if necessary.

1. The world’s airspace is divided into a series of contiguous flight ____________ (INFORM) regions, within which are traffic services are provided.

2. Annex 11 deals with ways of ____________ (EXPEDITE) and _____________ (MAINTAIN) an orderly flow of air traffic service and (PROVIDE) advice and information for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.

3. ICAO provisions call for the ____________ (ESTABLISH) of flight information centres and air traffic control units.

4. Air traffic control service consists of clearances issued by air traffic control units to achieve longitudinal, vertical or lateral ____________ (SEPARATE) between aircraft.

5. Aviation __________ (TRAIN) requires a working knowledge of ___________ (EQUIP).

6. The continuing changes in equipment and the rapid ____________ (COMPUTER) is being held at many airports of Ukraine.

7. Aviation __________ (SAFE) and efficiency depends on strict and rigorous ____________ (PROFESSION) training.

Exercise 2.1.12 Make up sentences using the given words.

1. Was / in / 1944 / ICAO / founded.

2. The / is / prevent / prime / collision / objective / of service / air / traffic / to.

3. Fly / the / accordance / aircraft / with / IFR / and / VFR / or.

4. ATC controllers / the / advanced / use / technologies / in / world / the.

5. Aviation / requires / knowledge / a / equipment / of / working / training.

6. It / necessary / have / is / to / dedicated / skillful / a / and / staff.

7. Aviation / and / depends / strict / on / safety / rigorous / training / professional / efficiency / and.

8. Controllers / responsible / safety / are / for / the / flights / of.

Exercise 2.1.13 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Международная Организация Гражданской Авиации (ИКАО) была образована в 1944 году.

2. Управление воздушным движением, полетно-информационное обслуживание и служба аварийного оповещения входят в ОВД.

3. Служба ОВД обеспечивает безопасность и эффективность полетов во всем мире.

4. Приложение 11 к Конвенции ИКАО определяет Стандарты и Рекомендуемые Практики, применяемые в области ОВД.

5. Мировое воздушное пространство разделено на ряд полетно-инфор-мационных районов, которые связаны между собой.

6. Основная задача службы движения, как определено в Приложении 11, предотвращение столкновения между самолетами.

7. В Приложении 11 рассматриваются методы ускорения и поддерживания упорядоченного потока воздушного движения.

8. Полетно-информационное обслуживание и аварийное оповещение обеспечивается в огромных океанических районах с относительно низкой плотностью воздушного движения.

9. Большие части воздушного пространства являются контролируемыми зонами, в пределах которых в дополнение к полетно-информационному и аврийно-оповещательному обслуживанию осуществляется и управление за воздушным движением.

10. Самолеты летают в соответствии с правилами полетов по приборам или правилами визуальных полетов.

11. Выполняя полет по приборам, летчик летает от одного радио-навига-ционного средства к другому или, полагаясь на собственное бортовое навигационное оборудование и приборы, пилот может определить местоположение воздушного судна.

12. При выполнении визуальных полетов, самолеты должны лететь вне облачности и выполнять полеты в таких условиях видимости, которые позволяют пилоту видеть другие борты и расходиться с ними.

13. Полеты по приборам осуществляются с управлением за воздушным движением в контролируемом воздушном пространстве.

14. При выполнении полетов в неконтролируемом воздушном пространстве обеспечивается полетно-информационное обслуживание, которое включает информацию об известном движении и пилот несет ответственность за выполнение полета так, чтобы разойтись с другими бортами.

15. Если самолет выполняет полет за пределами контролируемого воздушного пространства в зоне, где не требуется план полета, то служба организации воздушного движения может даже не знать об этом самолете.

Exercise 2.1.14 Make up your own sentences using the words and word combinations.

Control of air traffic; to ensure the safety of flights; throughout the word; to divide into; large oceanic areas; low / high air traffic density; flight information service; alerting service; large portions of the airspace; the prime objective; to prevent collision; the manoeuvring area; the holding pattern; destination aerodrome; an aircraft in distress; in accordance with; IFR rules; VFR rules; severe weather conditions; controlled airspace; to be responsible for; the ATC authority; flight plan; longitudinal / vertical / lateral separation; in accordance with; a dedicated and skillful staff; rapid computerization; aviation safety; professional training; both on the ground and in the air; some experienced in aviation.

Exercise 2.1.15 Retell the text.

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