C) Act out the interviews that might have taken place during the survey

B) Write down the questions that might have been asked during the survey by the sociological service.

Ex. 9. a) Supply the prepositions where necessary.

Small Businesses in Russia

Russia now has more than 900,000 enterprises, their number having increased... 5% in 1995. According... the State Committee for Statistics, small businesses accounted, in the first quarter of 1995,... around 10% of the gross domestic product and their profits amounted... 20% of all enterprises. Small businesses employ 12% of the economy's work-force, or 8.1 million full-timers.

The Cassandra sociological service carried out a survey about the prospects of small businesses in Russia.... the opinion of 70% of businessmen questioned... the Cassandra sociological service, Russia's small business will develop... moderate rates... this year; only 13% hope... faster development. This skepticism is due above all... the negative assessment of the country's financial condition given... 71% of the respondents... regard... the development of small business. Only 1% of the respondents said these conditions were favorable, while 28% said they were satisfactory. In the opinion of 70% of the respondents, budgetary allocations to promote small business are not used effectively. There's no use hoping for any significant improvement... financial backing for small business... this year, 59% of the respondents believe.

The businessmen also pointed... the inadequate role of banks. Forty-five per cent of the respondents believe credit institutions will participate financially in small business projects in 1996, while 31% believe their participation will not be active enough.

Based on: European Businessman.

Words you may need:

gross domestic product (GDP) валовой внутренний продукт

moderate adj умеренный

respondent n респондент, участник опроса

inadequate role недостаточная роль

Ex. 10. Open the brackets, putting the verbs in the correct active or passive forms:

Economic Structure

In market economies economic systems are typically subdivided into three sectors. This subdivision (to be based) in part on economic activities pursued and in part on the type of wants satisfied. The primary sector comprises basic activities, the extraction of economic goods from nature: agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing, though the extraction of minerals frequently (to be assigned) to the secondary sector which comprises handicrafts and industrial manufacturing of goods and certain material services such as fuel and power and the provision of water. Lastly, the tertiary sector (to consist of) all final services: trade, transport, banking and insurance, public services, etc.

In this context it is worth analysing the development of British economy since the British were Europe's first industrial nation.

Anyone who (to study) economics knows that in every country the first resource is land. Densely-populated Britain has not much of it, but until the 18th century England's economy (to be based) on agriculture and the manufacture of woollen cloth. In the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution (to allow) Britain to become the first industrialized trading nation.

For 200 years manufacturing has been more important, but by the 1970s it (to be) clear the Britain's old manufacturing industries were less progressive than the same industries in other Western European countries. Newer industries, such as car manufacture, were no better than the older ones like textiles. In general, the value of goods produced by a hundred workers had for many years increased much less than in West Germany. In some factories there (to be) not enough new equipment; in others, new equipment was not being used efficiently. Many of the old industries (to be owned) by the state.

After 1979, when Mrs. Thatcher's government (to come) to power the nationalization process (to be reversed), many enterprises (to be sold) off to the private sector. Many plants (to be closed) and in a few years those which survived were no longer needing subsidies. New "high-tech" industries developed. Although manufacturing continues to play an important role, the number of people employed in manufacturing (to fall) by a quarter in 1979-84.

Contrary to the secondary sector, the service industries expanded. More than half of all working people, whether employees or self-employed, are now providing services, working for schools, hospitals, social services, in public administration, in finance, banking, insurance, advertising, catering and entertainment.

Another recent change has been in the growth of self-employment. During the 1980s, the number of people working for themselves, and not as employees, (to rise) by half, from two million to almost three million, or more than one-tenth of the whole working population. This development (to be encouraged) by the government through training courses and tax incentives.

Words you may need:

handicraft n ремесло

tertiary sector третичный сектор экономики (сектор услуг)

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