Контрольная работа n 3 2 страница

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What did Nobel invent? 2. Was he personally well known in the world? 3. Where and when was he born? 4. Was Nobel's father an inventor too? 5. Where did Nobel die?

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них Причастие I и Причастие II, установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. Taking his seat, he looked at his watch.

2. Their room had two curtained windows looking over the street, a couch with cushions, an almost empty bookcase and some photo­graphs of the family standing on it.

3. When questioned closely, she said it was true that she hadn't seen her husband up and about lately.

4. And each answer made was written down quickly upon the sheets of paper.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них зависимый или независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Having put the check into my pocket, I started for the door.

2. It being chilly, we thought it wiser to stay in.

3. He came forward to meet me hands outstretched, a sunny smile lighting up his face.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них герундий или герундиальный оборот, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Keeping his secret won't do any harm.

2. All I want is getting to the truth.

3. He did not like the idea of her staying with her father's people in Capetown.

4. He was aware of Jack's watching him attentively.

5. She smiled without showing her teeth.

6. It was some time before I remembered having met him on the Liston plane.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. То hear him talk is an education in itself.

2. Our task is to master English.

3. The Farrells like to tell jokes.

4. You see I have no time to waste.

5. I arrived on a Saturday afternoon to spend a week there.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них субъектный или объектный инфинитивный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There's some information I want you to obtain.

2. He liked to see them work.

3. I have never heard him speak of his boyhood.

4. He was seen to cross the street and turn round the corner.

5. He is said to be one of the best students at our faculty.

6. He seemed to know her thoughts.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов like (alike), both (both... and), only (the only).

1. We were more like brothers than father and son.

2. He had a stubborn desire for his own way which the Committee did not like.

3. They both laughed and Dan looked down at his desk.

4. The chief is much pleased with your report, only he doesn't want to show it.

5. The only piece of furniture worthy of note was a large grand­father chair standing in front of the fireplace.

6. She both sings and dances.

7. He acts like a millionaire.

8. The brothers were very much alike.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Переведите письменно восьмой абзац текста.

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871, in South Island, New Zealand, in the family of English settlers.

In 1861 gold was found in New Zealand and many foreigners came to live there. Industry began to develop, the country began to increase its export.

Ernest's father earned his living by bridge-building and other construction work required in the country at that time. At the same time he carried on small-scale farming.

When James Rutherford, the father of the future great scientist, was 26 he became friends with Miss Tompson, a teacher of an English school. The young people fell in love and in 1866 they married.

Little Ernest was the fourth child in the family. When the boy was five he was sent to primary school. He was one of the best pupils there. After finishing primary school he went to the secondary school. He liked to read at school very much. His favourite writer was Charles Dickens. He made models of different machines. Especially he was interested in watches and cameras. He liked to take photos and constructed a camera himself. At "Nelson College" (that was the name of the school) Ernest distinguished himself in physics, mathematics, English, French and Latin. He became the best pupil at school. He paid much attention to chemistry, too. Chemistry was not obligatory but Rutherford was the only pupil to study chemistry at Nelson College. At the age of 19 he finished school and entered the only New Zealand University, called Canterbury College. The University was founded in 1870. When Rutherford entered the University there were only 150 students and 7 professors there. At the University Ernest Rutherford was one of the most talented students. He studied much but took an active part in sport competitions. He also took an active part in the work of the Scientific Society at the University. At one of the meetings of this Society he made his scientific report "The Evolution of Elements". At the same time he began his research work. For his talented scientific research work he got a prize. Later Rutherford went to Cambridge where he continued his researches.

About ten years Ernest Rutherford lived and worked in Canada. There he occupied a research chair in physics at the University in Montreal. Then he lectured in leading Universities in the United States and England, from 1907 till 1919. He worked at the University of Manchester.

Rutherford's famous work is "The Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the Atom." The book deals with so-called "atom models", according to which the atom is pictured as composed of a central charge surrounded by a sphere of electrification of equal but opposite charge.

The atom had always been regarded as the smallest indivisible units of which matter was composed. Further research showed that the atom was made up of smaller parts and that its structure was very complex. It resembled the solar system, with a central nucleus and a number of electrons very much smaller than the nucleus and revolving around it. It was shown by Rutherford that the atom could be bombarded so that the electrons could be thrown off, and the nucleus itself could be broken in the process of splitting the nucleus, matter was converted into energy which for the scientists of the 19th century seemed to be impossible.

The splitting of the atom has opened to man a new and enormous source of energy. The most important results have been obtained by splitting the atom of uranium.

At present we are only at the beginning of the application of atomic energy and all its possible uses for peaceful purposes in power engineering, medicine and agriculture.

Ernest Rutherford paid much attention to his young pupils. After 1920 he did not make great discoveries in science but taught young scientists in the field of atomic research work.

The great scientist died in the autumn of 1937 after an operation at a Cambridge hospital. He was 66.

Many people took part in the funeral. There were great scientists and friends there, many of his students who loved their teacher and honoured him.

Ernest Rutherford was buried at Westminster Abbey not far from the graves of Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Michael Faraday.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. In what subjects did Ernest Rutherford distinguish himself at school? 2. Was he interested only in studies at the University? 3. Did he get a prize for his research work? 4. What has the splitting of the atom opened to man? 5. Did Ernest Rutherford make great discoveries in science after 1920?

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них Причастие I и Причастие II, установите функцию каждого причастия, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. Hearing this I decided to go to the house at once.

2. She tried to calm the crying child.

3. I read the note written in French.

4. When shown the letter she confessed everything.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них зависимый или независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Coming up to the door I found it locked.

2. All preparations being made, the party sat down.

3. There being a lot of things to discuss, the conference lasted long.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них герундий или герундиальный оборот, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. His hobby is collecting stamps.

2. The child had no difficulty in solving the puzzle.

3. I prefer riding to walking.

4. She walked quickly without looking back.

5. We insist on John's making a report.

6. Do you mind our being present?

4. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. То live in a world without fear is the goal of progressive mankind.

2. I've got a call to make.

3. I want to study French.

4. Her dream is to become an actress.

5. She is clever enough not to mention it.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них субъектный или объектный инфинитивный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The driver wanted the car to be filled up.

2. What makes you suspect him?

3. We expect him to arrive tomorrow.

4. The girl was seen to dance.

5. He is considered to be a good teacher.

6. Peter is certain to do this work.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов like (alike), both (both... and), only (the only).

1. The tea tastes like coffee.

2. Boris is very much like his brother.

3. Snow falls like feathers.

4. They are dressed alike too.

5. Both streets and houses were white with snow.

6. Both friends felt happy at seeing each other.

7. Only Mr. Taylor and Mr. Fox were at Petrov's place for the first time.

8. I quite unexpectedly realized that it was the only way out.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Переведите письменно первый абзац текста.

The Legend of Madame Sklodowska-Curie

Let us inquire into the question why the legend of Madame Curie was created and why it spread throughout the world. Her legend is, and will be one of the factors which will play its role in the creation of a new post-war civilization. We all know that she was first to discover that the minerals containing uranium or thorium are more radioactive than pure uranium and thorium. This was the turning point in the discovery of radium. At that moment Pierre Curie postponed his own investigations on the physics of crystals and joined his wife in her effort to find those more active unknown chemical elements. To appreciate properly the development which followed, it should be borne in mind that both Pierre and Marie Curie were convinced that the new element radium, and to some extent polonium, had their definite places in the Mendeleyev System.

It is known to a restricted number of specialists that Madame Curie gave the real basis for the industrial methods of radium manufacture. She established the methods of separating radium and other elements from the pitchblende and from other minerals. She also used other methods according to the chemical character of
radioactive elements.

The significance of these investigations is less known, only because she refused to protect her rights for the method of radium manufacture, as she wished to serve the people of the whole world.

An attempt of publishing a list of papers and books written by Mme Marie Curie-Sklodowska is, unfortunately, a difficult task.

The first publications of her work appeared at the time the method of registering scientific papers was far less precise than it is today. Scientific journals did not bother to give exact initials of the author's name. Even the year of publication and the name of the journal in which the paper was published were totally ignored. This lack of uniformity in the abstracts of Madame Curie's papers was caused also by another factor. Insisting as she often did on stressing the point of her Polish birth, Mme Curie used to include in her signatures also her maiden name, Sklodowska. Obviously it resulted in some confusion.

After the tragic death of Pierre Curie, however, Madame Curie used practically without exception the name Pierre Curie. From time to time, however, she added her maiden name too, as if to remind the reader that she was a Pole by birth. A great many works of Mme Curie have been translated into English and other languages.

In October 1929 Mme Curie arrived in the United States for the second time. Another gram of radium was offered to her which she gave to the Sklodowska-Curie Radium Institute in Warsaw. Madame Curie visited Poland twice after the First World War. Her visit was connected with the dedication ceremonies at the Sklodowska-Curie Radium Institute with its Hospital in Warsaw.

Madame Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934), the leading woman scientist, the greatest woman of her generation, was the first person to receive a Nobel Prize twice.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What element did Curie discover? 2. What was Marie's nationality? 3. Did Pierre die tragically? 4. When did Mme Curie arrive to the United States for the second time? 5. How many times did Marie receive a Nobel Prize?

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них Причастие I и Причастие II, установите функцию каждого причастия, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. Being of a nervous temperament she trembled at seeing her child.

2. It was pleasant to look at the rising sun.

3. They were playing watched by the nurse.

4. If changed the article will be published.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них зависимый или независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Having lived in the country for many years he spoke English without a foreign accent.

2. The weather being fine, the airplane started.

3. England being a constitutional monarchy, the Queen of England is only a formal ruler.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них герундий или герундиальный оборот, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Walking fast is good exercise.

2. We didn't like the idea of inviting Robertsons.

3. He finished reading.

4. Before crossing the road stop and look both ways.

5. We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet!

6. They object to our leaving so soon.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. То learn everything by heart is impossible.

2. Tell me how to do it.

3. There is a house to let.

4. To hesitate is to lose.

5. He came to ask after her health.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них субъектный или объектный инфинитивный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Do you really wish him to come?

2. I saw him come here.

3. I often hear children play in the yard.

4. All bodies are known to possess weight.

5. He is sure to come.

6. English is known to have adopted a lot of French words.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов like (alike), both (both... and), only (the only).

1. The nerves of pilots must be like steel.

2. I wish I could do it like you.

3. She is treated like a tender plant.

4. They are as alike as two drops of milk.

5. Both builders and architects are trying to make new houses comfortable to live in.

6. You are both mistaken taking me for Mr. Roger.

7. Only you are to blame for it.

8. The only thing to do was to leave this place immediately.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите тексты. Переведите письменно четвертый абзац текста Thomas Alva Edison.

Anders Celsius

Anders Celsius, a founder of Swedish astronomy who was from a family of noted scholars, possessed a variety of other scientific interests and skills. He was born on November 27, 1701, in the old Swedish city of Uppsala, 40 miles northwest of Stockholm. His interests in the earth, sea, and sky developed early. Before he was 20, he was making definite observations of the northern lights. At 29 he became professor of astronomy at the University of Uppsala where his grandfather and father had taught.

Celsius inspired and carried out construction of an astronomical observatory, of which he became director, at the University. Then, in 1740, he began his work of greatest scientific value: systematic measurement of the brightness of various stars by use of photonutric devices which had been recently developed.

Never content to concentrate his energy on a single effort, he made, in 1742, the announcement for which he is now remembered.

As early as 1585 the Dutch mathematician Simon Stevinus had proposed that all nations use the decimal system which he had devised. Almost a century later Gabriel Mouton of France urged adoption of a system of weights and measures with a decimal bаsе. It was not unitl 1791 that the French National Аssembly took the first official step, but the idea was germinating in mid-century and Celsius investigated the desirability of applying decimals to the measurement of heat.

In 1701 Newton had suggested that the basic scale should range from the freezing point of water to the temperature of the human body. Then a German who had spent many years in Holland, Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, mixed salt with ice to lower Newton's zero.

A few years later, a Frenchman, Rene Antoine de Reaumur, called for a scale with 80 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water.

When it appeared that the measurement of heat was rapidly getting out of hand, Celsius prepared a paper "On the Measurement of Heat" which he read to the Swedish Academy of Science. Celsius's monograph proposed a thermometer scale based on decimals Instead of de Reaumur's 80 or Fahrenheit's 180 degrees.

Thomas Alva Edison

He was born February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, and worked as newsboy and "candy butcher" on a train when he was 12. When he was 15 he rescued a child from the path of a speeding train. The father, in gratitude, taught him how to be a telegraph operator. He landed in New York at 22, penniless.

We think of him as the inventor of the electric light, but how much more he Improved and made possible!

The catalogue of his inventions still strains belief. He was granted 1,093 patents in the USA alone and two to three thousand more in foreign countries. Foundations and government agencies spent little or nothing on research, so Edison thought four or five hours of sleep, enough for anyone and often worked 40 to 50 hours, napping in his laboratory.

His deafness ("I have not heard a bird sing since I was 12") intensified an astounding capacity for concentration. His wife said that when absorbed in a problem, he lived "in the highest state of exhilaration, seeing nothing and thinking nothing... except what was a vital bearing of his task." He filled 2,500 notebooks with research ideas and records.

He loved Shakespeare and Tom Paine and had over 10,000 volumes in his home. He seemed incapable of despair. Searching for a domestic source of rubber he tested 17,000 different plants in four years. After 8,000 unsuccessful trials on a storage battery, he remarked: "Well, at least we know 8,000 things that don't work."

His passion for experiments, his imaginative conception of novel combinations, his ability to find fresh ways of solving old problems, to follow intuition - these are surely part of scientific endeavour, though he always used to say: "I am not a scientist, I am an inventor."

Perhaps one of the greatest of Edison's inventions was organized research itself. His laboratory in Menlo Park, N.Y-(1876) was the first to put researchers of different skills to work as a team on new problems.

Thomas Alva Edison died in 1931, at 84, leaving cities around the globe diademed by light.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. When was Celsius born? 2. Was he director of an astro­nomical observatory? 3. When and where was Edison born? 4. What jobs did he have? 5. Who was his favourite writer?

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