Озаглавьте каждый абзац текста В

Суммируйте содержание текста Б по плану.

1. The task of the preliminary exploration.

2. Exploratory workings used at the preliminary stage of exploration.

3. Sampling as a means of determining the quality of the min­
eral deposit.

4. The aims of the detailed proving and exploitation exploration.

37. Скажите, какие основные сведения необходимы геологу для описа­
ния месторождения.

38. Расскажите о вкладе выдающихся ученых-геологов в науку о Земле и
ее недрах.

39. Прочитайте текст В. Перечислите основные методы разведки, упо­мянутые в тексте, и скажите, какой из них вы считаете наиболее прогрес­сивным. Дайте обоснование своего ответа.

ТЕКСТ В

1. World-wide economic development has been characterized by the
growth rates in the demand of raw materials and especially for the
primary sources of energy. Despite the development of nuclear energy,
the expansion of off-shore oil and natural gas production, the extraction
of oil from bituminous sands and oil shales, the liquefaction
(разжижение) and gasification of coal, and the application of such
sources as geothermal and solar energy, the burden (бремя) of energy
supply will 'continue to fall on the producers of fossil fuels for many
years to come. This applies particularly to the production of solid fuels.

2. As is known, most minerals are mined from surface deposits now.
Even though the mining industry continues the search for low-grade
surface deposits, it is increasingly necessary that the economic
subsurface deposits should be mined. This fact leads to the development
of new methods of prospecting.

3. New techniques have been developed for rapid mapping and
geochemical sampling from light aircraft while in flight. Statistical
studies of regional geochemical sampling aided (помогать) by
computers are being widely adopted. In general, computers play an

Unit 7_________ -______________________________ 183

important role in the quick interpretation of geological problems. Colour photography is also being used as an aid in certain geological work and mining studies.

4. A method of prospecting for mineral, gas, oil, etc. which is based
on a combination of X-rays and ultrasonic transmissions came into use
recently. The method is fully portable and of great value in drilling. In
addition, this method determines the areas of interest during drilling
and gives close grade control during mining operations.

5. At present, the scientists are conducting intensive research aimed
at using geocosmic rays as a means of determining the size of an ore
deposit in the prospecting stage. As is known, until recently scientists
dealt only with the interplanetary functions of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays
coming in from the depths of the Universe are expected to explore near-
earth and interplanetary space.

6. The geocosmic method is based on the fact that when the cosmic
rays get into the atmosphere, the so-called secondary cosmic rays,
muons, appear. These particles are capable of penetrating rather deep
into the Earth's crust. The greatest muon penetration depth registered
today is stated to be about three thousand metres. This fact has suggested
the idea of using the rays in mineral prospecting.

7. Besides, successful development of space research has made it
possible to survey the Earth's resources from space by satellites. The
advantages of the surveys of the Earth's resources by satellites are such
that vast areas such as entire mountain belts and continents can be
mapped synoptically. The greatest potential of surveying the Earth's
resources from space for mineral exploration is based on the ability to
map synoptically the geomorphology and general geological
environment (окружающая среда) of very large areas. The results
obtained provide more accurate and complete information than is
available from conventional (обычный) surveys.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

40. •) В каждом абзаце текста В найдите предложение, передающее его
основную мысль.

41. Найдите в тексте В предложения, точно отвечающие на следующие
вопросы:

1. What type of fuel will continue to be the primary source of
energy?

2. What deposits should be mined in the future?

Unit 7

3. What is the method of prospecting based on X-rays and ul­
trasonic transmissions used for?

4. What fact has suggested the idea of using the cosmic rays in
mineral prospecting?

5. What is the surveying of the Earth's resources from space
based on?

42. Найдите • тексте В • выпашете •нглнйскве эквиваленты следую-щих
слов • выражений:

растущие темпы, сырье, снабжение энергией, особенно (1); низкосортный, необходимо (2); новые методы (приемы), быст­рая съемка (картирование) (3); портативный, кроме того, тща­тельный контроль за качеством (4); до недавнего времени, из глубин вселенной (5); так называемый, способный проникать (6); способность наносить на карту (картировать) (7)

43. Определите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует
содержанию текста В:

1. Methods of Mineral Prospecting.

2. New Techniques Applied in Mineral Prospecting.

3. Recent Developments in Mineral Prospecting.

44. Расскажите, что нового вы узнали из текста В. Какие факты вам
были уже известны?

КРОССВОРД (CROSSWORD)

А	м	О	и	N			i>	М	h	P
S	Ё	Б		М	Ё	N	!	А	R	V	N
н	т	Ь	G	А	S	Т	О	Т	A	R	Т
А	А	и	N	В	и	R	N	Т	G		E
L	М	В'	Е	L	Т	и	Е	Е	M	Т	R
L	О	R	О	С	к	ё	Е	R	E	E	M
О	R	Е	и	Е	V	i	D	Е	N	G	E
W	Р	А	S	Н		V	Е	R	Т	F	D
Т	Н		с	К	N	Е	S	S	A	A
D		М	Е	N	S		О	N	R	U	A
	С	Н	А	R	С	О	А	L	Y	E	Т
Х-ч \У	Е	А	С	С	и	М	и	L	A	Т	E

В этом квадрате за­шифрованы геологиче­ские термины и прос­то английские слова. Сколько слов удастся найти вам? Запишите их и дайте их русские эквиваленты.

Unit 7

ИНТЕРВЬЮ с профессором Дж. Мортоном

Прочитайте интервью по ролям. Суммируйте его содержание своими словами (6-8 предложений).

TEACHER: Dear friends! Let me introduce Professor John Morton from Newcastle University. Professor Morton has kindly agreed to answer your questions about training geologists in Great Britain and about geology as a science.

QUESTION: Will you kindly say a few words about the impor­tance of geology as a science? Thank you.

ANSWER: Yes, of course. First of all, geology is a practical science. It studies the Earth, its structure, composi­tion and its evolution. It is a science in which the study of presentday processes plays a key role in understand­ing the evolutionary history of the Earth. At the same time the geological past helps understand modern processes and predict future trends. This is of increas­ing importance as we become more aware 6f environ­mental problems.

QUESTION: You have mentioned environment. Does it concern geology too?

ANSWER: Certainly. Environmental geology focuses on geology as it relates to human activity, environmental hazards and changes resulting from natural geological processes.

QUESTION: What do you think about the role of mining geol­ogy in the modern world?

ANSWER: I'll try to be short. Mining geology plays an essential role in two major fields. First, there is the engineering task of extracting the valuable content of a mineral de­posit (the ore) economically, efficiently and safely and with minimum disturbance to the environment. Second, since every ore deposit has a limited life, the future of the industry depends on prospecting and ex­ploration to discover and evaluate new deposits, to replace dying mines and to meet increasing demands.

QUESTION: How long do students study geology in Great Britain?

ANSWER: I think, it depends on the university but mostly the course lasts 3 years, full-time, or 4 years if combined with a language subject (part time study is also possible).

Unit 7

As a rule, each academic year is divided into two semesters (terms). Assessment takes place at the end of each semester in the form of examinations and coursework. Traditionally, field studies have been one of the main problems of geology courses. The first-year programme provides basic geology, basic surveying, mathematics, statistics, observational and computing skills.

QUESTION: I'd like to know how the study process is organized in British universities. Thank you.

ANSWER: Well, formal teaching is by way of lectures, labora­tory practicals, field excursions, personal studies. All the students have a personal tutor who advises on progress through the course, choice of modules and other matters.

QUESTION: I've heard about the modular system. Can you tell us what it is like?

ANSWER: I'll try. At British universities, students' course is designed on a modular basis. Modules are self-con­tained units of study, which are taught and assessed independently of each other. When a student passes a module, he (she) gains a credit. At the end of the term, the numbers of credits he (she) gains, determines the award you receive. Each module is continuously assessed by coursework and/or end-of-term examination.

QUESTION: I wonder if you pay much attention to computing.

ANSWER: Well, British Universities have Computing Centres which offer a service based on a number of work­stations and microcomputers. Access to computers is taken for granted by today's students.

QUESTION: My question concerns the languages, I mean for­eign languages. Are geology students offered courses in foreign languages?

ANSWER: They are. Geology is usually taken in combination with one of the following: Classical Studies, German, French, Latin or Russian, etc. Besides, there are special language laboratories which are available for open access use by students. All international students who wish to attain greater fluency in English are offered the courses which provide for the systematic

Unit 7

development of the linguistic skills of students. Television programmes, either by direct transmission or by video recorder, can be used for formal classes or for private study in French, German, Russian, Latin, English as a foreign language, Spanish, Japanese as well as other languages.

QUESTION: Can you tell us a few words about students' life at British Universities?

ANSWER: Well, you have probably heard of Students' Unions looking after students' health and welfare. The university health service provides medical care for all the members of the university. The Students' Union is fully responsible for its members' needs which are controlled and run exclusively by students. I want to tell you one thing which can interest you. If you are a home student you may be entitled to apply for a Student Loan from the Student Loan Company. The loan may be taken out annually over the pe­riod of study and you will be expected to begin re­payment on completion of the course provided you have obtained employment.

QUESTION: You've mentioned employment. In what areas can the graduates find a job?

ANSWER: Mainly in areas such as exploration, oil field ser­vices, geological mapping and mining, engineering geology and geotechnical engineering, environmen­tal geology and hydrology and others.

QUESTION: What about sports and leisure?

ANSWER: I must say that most British Universities are fa­mous for their football teams and rugby and cricket unions. There are Water Sports Centres with inter­national rowing and canoeing facilities. Good fa­cilities are provided for indoor and outdoor sports (hockey, cricket, table tennis, dance, aerobics, keep-fit, volleyball, basketball, etc.).

TEACHER: Thank you so much, Professor Morton. It looks like our time is up.

PROFESSOR It was a pleasure to meet you all. I wish you success MORTON: in your study of geology.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27