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Functions performed by diplomatic missions




Recognition

Recognition is a condition for the establishment of diplomatic relations. As the main function of a diplomatic mission is to promote and develop friendly relations between the sending state and the receiving state, it is difficult to conceive that states which refuse to recognize their mutual existence could establish such relations. But, on the other hand, the non-maintenance of diplomatic relations implies nothing regarding recognition. The non-establishment or withdrawal of a diplomatic mission may be the result of political, economical or purely practical reasons. For instance, the General Assembly urged on several occasions the severance of diplomatic relations with South Africa as away to condemn the apartheid policy. The severance of diplomatic relations was used in this case as a form of non-military sanction. But the existence of South Africa as an sovereign state was never in doubt by the world community.

 

Functions of diplomatic missions are explicitly described by Article 3 of the Vienna Convention, which provides: "The functions of a diplomatic mission consist, inter alia, in: (a) representing the sending State in the receiving State; (b) protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals, within the limits permitted by international law; (c) negotiating with the Government of the receiving State; (d) ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and reporting thereon to the Government of the
sending State; (e) promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations.”

A) Representation. Diplomatic mission represents its national government in the host country. (e.g., in summits, international conferences, ceremonial affairs, etc.)

B) Protection of interests. This involves interests of the sending state as well as of its nationals.(e.g. protection of the person, property and other interests of citizens
ofthe sending state).

C) Negotiation. Negotiation is related to foreign policy making. (e.g. transmission of messages between foreign ministries, talks, agreement on joint action, settlement of disputes, etc.) In simplest terms, negotiation is a discussion between two or more disputants who are trying to work out a solution to their problem. This interpersonal or inter-group process can occur at a personal level, as well as at a corporate or international (diplomatic) level. Negotiations typically take place because the parties wish to create something new that neither could do on his or her own, or to resolve a problem or dispute between them.

D) Reports. This involves observation of political, economic, military and social conditions of the receiving state and transmission of the information to the sending state. Political reports focus on the political structure of the host state, the nature of its government, political parties and the main political personalities of the country. Economic reports consist of information on economic conditions of the receiving state. (e.g. growth rate, balance of payments, inflation, unemployment rate, economic policy of the host state, foreign investment, existence of new markets). Military reports may describe strategic importance of the host country, its military intentions and military force, the nature of its equipment and the quality of its army. Social and cultural reports involve statistics and information about class structures, ethnic groups, religious and youth activities etc.




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