Classes of heads of mission

General principles and purposes

Of Permanent Diplomatic Missions

The Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and

Text 2

Ex.3 Single out the main issues addressed in each paragraph.

Ex.1 Look up the pronunciation of the following words. Give their Russian equivalents:

Negotiate, ascertain, nuncio, envoy, Papal Internuncios, Chargé d’Affaires, extraordinary, plenipotentiary, credentials, ornate, letter of credence, reciprocal, naval, persona non grata, deliberate

Ex.2 Read the text and formulate questions from each part of the text. Ask your classmates to answer them:

Diplomatic relations between states may be established by friendly contacts of any form between their governments; but permanent diplomatic relations are considered to exist only with the establishment of a diplomatic mission, or preferably with the exchange of diplomatic missions. These are established by mutual consent and on the basis of a mutual understanding of the functions that will be undertaken by the mission. These functions have become generally accepted over past centuries, and have been defined in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic relations as consisting, basically, of:

(a) representing the sending State in the receiving State;

(b) protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and its nationals, within the limits permitted by international law

(c) negotiating with the Government of receiving State;

(d) ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and reporting thereon to the Government of the sending State;

(e) promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations.

Apart from their diplomatic functions, members of the diplomatic staff of a mission may also act in a consular capacity.

Heads of mission may be of one of three classes depending on the mutual agreement of the governments concerned:

1. Ambassadors, Apostolic Nuncios or Pro-Nuncios, and other heads of mission of equivalent rank (e.g. High Commissioners exchanged between Commonwealth countries) who are accredited to Heads of State.

2. Envoys, Ministers and Papal Internuncios who are accredited to Heads of State. (This class is now virtually non-existent)

3. Chargés d’Affaires (en titre or titular) who are accredited to Ministers for Foreign Affairs.

No differentiation may be made between heads of mission on account of their class, except in matters of precedence and protocol, and in that the right of access to the head of State is reserved to those of ambassadorial rank.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27