Переведите предложения на русский язык. Найдите в следующих предложениях герундий, определите его функ-цию в предложении (подлежащее; часть сказуемого; дополнение; определение;

Найдите в следующих предложениях герундий, определите его функ-цию в предложении (подлежащее; часть сказуемого; дополнение; определение; обстоятельство).

УРОК 6

Грамматика: 1. Герундий.

2. Причастие II.

3. Страдательный залог.

4. Инфинитив.

Текст: Drilling

1. Прочтите вслух следующие слова:

- discovering, hung, jumping, other, countryside, under, gusher, uppermost, mud, flush, cuttings, thus, unimportant

- heavy, credit, empty, method, prevent, effective, instead

- called, board, born, water, overall

- early, earth, third, circulate, turbo-drilling, turbine, surface, turn

- through, tool, remove, fluid, blew, moving,

- tube, spew, introduce, reducing

- underground, around, doubt, encountered

- framework, raised, ancient, cable, casing, caving, wasted, formation, penetrated,

obtain, bailer

- only, over, hole, lower, notably, blow, flow, rotary, motor

- pipe, describe, brine, provide, high-grade

- machinery, mentioned, ancient, traditionally, Russia, Russian, commercial, essentially, pressure, stationary, penetration, efficiency, application

- century, Chinese, attach

2. Прочтите следующие слова, обращая внимание на ударение:

machinery [ ], derrick [ ], technique [ ],

commercial [ ], essentially [ ], suspended [ ], progressively [ ], diameter [ ], prevent [ ], effective [ ], progress [ ], encountered [ ], pressure [ ], quantities [ ], spectacular [ ], serious [ ], continuously [ ], surface [ ], annular [ ], column [ ], stationary [ ], efficiency [ ].

3. Запомните произношение следующих слов:

Titusville [ ], Pennsylvania [ ], Ontario [ ], Canada [ ], Chinese [ ].

4. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

rock - (горная) порода

framework - каркас

derrick - буровая вышка

tap - вскрывать (пласт)

stratum (strata) - пласт, слой (пласты, слои)

brine - соленая вода

bit - долото

commercial - промышленный

cable-tool method - канатно-ударный метод бурения

blow - удар

attach - прикреплять

drill stem - ударная штанга (в ударном бурении), бурильная колонна (во вращательном бурении)

length - длина; отрезок (трубы)

suspend - подвешивать

wire - проволока

rope - веревка; канат

bottom - забой скважины; дно; низ, нижняя часть

cuttings - обломки выбуренной породы; шлам

bailer - желонка

tube - труба; syn. pipe

valve - клапан; вентиль, задвижка

casing - обсадные трубы; крепление обсадными трубами

caving - обрушение породы, обвал

flow - поток, течение

shallow - неглубокий; ant. deep

means - средство, способ

by means of - посредством, при помощи

stem - останавливать, задерживать

encounter - (неожиданно) встречаться, сталкиваться

blow out - выброс

spew - извергать

quantities - большое количество, множество, изобилие

gusher - фонтан, мощный фонтан

spectacular - эффектный, захватывающий

waste - попусту тратить, расточать

hazard - риск, опасность

rotary method - вращательный метод бурения

turn of the century - начало века (столетия)

string - колонна труб

rotary table - ротор

kelly - рабочая труба

drilling fluid (mud) - буровой раствор, буровая жидкость

hollow - полый, пустой

surface - поверхность

annular space - кольцевое, затрубное пространство

flush - промывать, вымывать

column - колонна

formation - формация; пласт

penetrate - проникать, проходить

turbo-drilling - турбинное бурение

stationary - неподвижный

stream - поток

rate of penetration - механическая скорость бурения

conventional - общепринятый, традиционный, обычный

wear out - изнашиваться; wear - износ

overall - общий

high-grade - высокосортный, высококачественный

obtain - получать, доставлять, приобретать

rapid - быстрый, скорый; syn. quick, fast

5. Подберите из правой колонки правильный перевод английских слов и словосочетаний:

1) ways of discovering 1) самая верхняя труба

2) steel framework 2) вместо того, чтобы двигаться вверх и вниз

3) the third century A.D. 3) за исключением

4) spring board 4) приводимый в действие

5) cable tool method 5) неглубокие скважины

6) essentially 6) хотя

7) except for 7) способы обнаружения

8) to keep back 8) быстрый износ долота

9) shallow wells 9) стальной каркас

10) were a serious fire hazard 10) удержать (задержать)

11) instead of moving up and down 11) третий век н.э.

12) the uppermost pipe 12) по существу

13) powered by 13) трамплин

14) although 14) представляли серьезную опасность пожара

15) rapid bit wear 15) канатно-ударный метод бурения

6. Переведите на русский язык следующие сочетания слов без словаря:

ways of discovering, underground oil, the only way, steel framework, is raised and lowered, goes far back into history, as early as the 3rd century A.D., a heavy bit, as to, the first commercial oil well, repeated blows, except for, from time to time, in such cases, over the countryside, at the turn of the century, instead of moving up and down, by means of, the uppermost pipe, with this method, so that, rapid bit wear.

7. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:

machinery, the technique of well drilling, the petroleum industry, traditionally, a Russian engineer, the first commercial oil well, cable tool method, effective for shallow wells, progress was slow, the flow of oil and gas, a serious fire hazard, is circulated down, the risk of blow out, a variant of rotary drilling, turbo-drilling, fluid motor or turbine, overall efficiency.

8. Определите по суффиксам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова и переведите их на русский язык:

history - historic - historical - historian; tradition - traditional - traditionally; consider - considerable - consideration; drill - drilling - driller; note - notable - notably; commerce - commercial - commercially - commercialize - commercialism; essence - essential - essentially; attach - attachment; suspend - suspender - suspension; cut - cutter - cutting; progress - progressive - progressively; spectacle - spectacular - spectator; rotate - rotation - rotational - rotative - rotary - rotatory; introduce - introduction - introductory; continue - continuous - continuously - continual - continually - continuance - continuation - continuity; penetrate - penetration; apply - appliance - applicable - applicant - application.

9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения слов:

only - только little - мало

the only - единственный a little - немного

first - сначала few - мало

the first - первый a few - несколько

other - другой, иной

another - другой, еще один

1. The only way to get underground oil is to make a borehole through the rock, earth and sand. 2. Only metals can be used over and over again. 3. Nowadays he was very busy and he saw few of his old friends. 4. Adeline had slept little last night and she had a headache. 5. I beg your pardon, but allow me to have my dinner first, for I am hungry. 6. The only Greek letters used to denote kinds of rays are alpha, beta, gamma, pi and mu. 7. There remain only five cases to be considered in this analytic study. 8. The first reaction from the financial community abroad to the measures taken by the British Government was cautiously favourable. 9. I’m afraid I have not much news to convey but still there are a few things I should like to add. 10. Aunt Florrie had a little money. 11. At the same time oil wells were being drilled in other places. 12. Would you like another cup of tea? 13. I made few friends in those days, for I was occupied with other things. 14. The houses on the other side of the river were built out of gray stone.

1. There are many ways of discovering underground oil. 2. The technique of well drilling goes far back into history. 3. The bit was raised up and down by several of men jumping on a spring board. 4. There is some doubt as to which country should be credited with having drilled the first commercial oil well. 5. The cable tool system was essentially a method of making a hole by repeated blows. 6. After drilling a few feet, the bit was pulled out. 7. No means was provided for stemming the flow of oil and gas. 8. With rotary method, the bit, instead of moving up and down, is attached to the bottom of a string of steel pipes and rotated by means of a rotary table.

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