The formation of the Passive Voice

THE PASSIVE VOICE

Grammar Review

IV. Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives

III. Match the following

II. Match the words with their definitions

Oral Practice

I.Which of the listed above statements are true (t); false (f)

a. Good record keeping by a business is wise

b. By recording daily transactions the owner can learn from mistakes and avoid errors in the future

c. The income statement is a summary of the income and expenses of the business for any period of time

d. Income statements may be made only for a year

e. The income statements might be compared to a “still picture” of the business

f. The owner is provided with information about the business from the operating statement.

a. Credit sale

b. Operating expenses

c. Purchases journal

d. Net sales

e. Bad debt

1) Gross sales reduced by amounts allowed to customers as credits for goods returned, goods over invoiced

2) A sale for which payment will be made later, either as a lump sum on a certain date or by regular installments over a period

3) A book of prime entry, being that section of the day book in which a listing is made daily of all goods bought on credit by business

4) The expenses of running a business, such as salaries, wages, rent, telephones, but not including direct cost of factory labor, materials

5) Debts that are likely never to be paid and must be treated as worthless by being entered as written off in a bad debts account

a. Operating

b. Basic

c. Examine

d. Net profit

1) Gross profit minus operating expanses equals …

2) The … statement might be compared to a “moving picture”

3) The … idea of the income statement is very simple

4) When applying for a loan, the bank may want to …, several operation statements

1. It’s much to raise money of the on the stock exchange

a. Harder

b. Hardest

2. Interest rates are … this year than last

a. Higher

b. The highest

3. A fixed term loan is … than a fluctuating overdraft

a. More flexible

b. The most flexible

4. Venture capital is … to raise than we are led to believe

a. More difficult

b. The most difficult

5. On the over hand, a medium-term loan is … to control than a fluctuating overdraft

a. Easier

b. The easiest

6. Increasing owner’s capital is the … way of raising money for investment

a. Riskier

b. The riskiest

The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the notional verb.

(a) The Present, Past and Future Indefinite Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Indefinite of the aux­iliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

Present Indefinite Passive

I am invited He is invited She is invited We are invited You are invited They are invited

Past Indefinite Passive

I was invited He was invited She was invited We were invited You were invited They were invited

Future Indefinite Passive

I shall be invited He will be invited She will be invited We shall be invited You will be invited They will be invited

(b) The Present, Past and Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Perfect of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

Present Perfect Passive

I have been invited He has been invited She has been invited We have been invited You have been invited They have been invited

Past Perfect Passive

I had been invited He had been invited She had been invited We had been invited You had been invited They had been invited

Future Perfect Passive

I shall have been invited He will have been invited She will have been invited We shall have been invited You will have been invited They will have been invited

(c) The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Con­tinuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the notional verb.

Present Continuous Passive

I am being invited He is being invited She is being invited We are being invited You are being invited They are being invited

Past Continuous Passive

I was being invited

He was being invited She was being invited

We were being invited

You were being invited

They were being invited

The Future Continuous, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous are not found in the Passive Voice.

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