Predicative constructions with the gerund

The voice distinctions of the gerund

The gerund of transitive verbs has special forms for the active and the passive voice.

He liked neither reading aloud nor being read aloud to. (Mau­gham) Он не любил ни читать вслух, пи слушать чтение.

It is to be observed that after the verbs to want, to need, to deserve, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form, though it is passive in meaning.

“The slums want attending to, no doubt,” he said. (Galsworthy) «Без сомнения, трущобами надо заняться», — сказал он.

Не realized that his room needed painting. Он понял, что его комнату надо покрасить.

The child deserves praising. Ребенок заслуживает того, чтобы его похвалили.

They were not worth saving. (Heym) Их не стоило спасать.

Like all the verbals the gerund can form predicative construc­tions, i. e. constructions in which the verbal element expressed by the gerund is in predicate relation to the nominal element ex­pressed by a noun or pronoun.

I don't like your going off without any money. (Maltz) Мне не нравится, что вы уходите без денег.

Here the gerund going off is in predicate relation to the pro­noun your, which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the gerund.

The nominal element of the construction can be expressed in different ways.

1. If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:

(a) by a noun in the genitive case or by a possessive pronoun.

His further consideration of the point was prevented by Richard's coming' back to us in an excited state. (Dickens) Его дальнейшие размышления были прерваны тем, что вернулся Ричард в чрезвычайно возбужденном состоянии.

Do you mind ту smoking? (Hardy) Вы ничего не имеете против того, чтобы я курил?

(b) by a noun in the common case.

I have a distinct recollection of Lady Chiltern always getting the good conduct prize! (Wilde) Я отлично помню, что леди Чильтерн всегда получала награды за примерное поведение.

Note — Thus in Modern English there are two parallel constructions of the type: Fancy David's courting Emily! and Fancy David courting Emilyl These two constructions may be used indifferently, but sometimes there is a slight difference in meaning: in the first example the action (the verbal element of the construction) is emphasized, whereas in the second the doer of the action (the nominal element of the construction) is emphasized.

Occasionally examples are found where the nominal element of the construction is expressed by a pronoun in the objective case.

I hope you will forgive me disturbing you. (Da Maurler) Надеюсь, вы простите меня за то, что я вас побеспокоил.

There are cases when the nominal element of the construction, though denoting a living being, cannot be expressed by a noun in the possessive case, but only by a noun in the common case, namely when it consists of two or more nouns or when it is a noun modified by an attribute in post-position.

He felt no uneasiness now in the thought of the brother and sister being alone together. (Eliot) Его теперь не смущала мысль о том, что брат и сестра остались вдвоем.

Did you ever hear of a man of sense rejecting such an offer? Слышали ли вы когда-нибудь, чтобы разумный человек отка­зался от такого предложения?

2. If the nominal element of the construction denotes a lifeless thing, it is expressed by a noun in the common case (such nouns, as a rule, are not used in the genitive case) or by a possessive pronoun.

I said something about my clock being slow. (Da Maurler) Я сказала, что мои часы отстают.

... Peggotty spoke of... my room, and of its being ready for me. (Dickens)... Пеготти говорила... о моей комнате и о том, что она уже приготовлена для меня.

3. The nominal element of the construction can also be expressed by a pronoun which has no case distinctions, such as all, this, that, both, each, something.

I insist on both of them coming in time. Я требую, чтобы они оба пришли вовремя.

Again Michael... was conscious of something deep and private stirring within himself. (Galsworthy) Майкл опять почувствовал, что в его душе шевельнулось что-то глубокое и затаенное.

Note — Some grammarians recognize the existence of two separate construc­tions: the gerundial construction (a construction whose nominal element is expressed by a noun in the genitive case or by a possessive pro­noun) and a construction with a half gerund (a construction whose nominal element is expressed by a noun in the common case, a pro­noun in the objective case, or a pronoun which has no case distinc­tions).

A gerundial construction is nearly always rendered in Russian by a subordinate clause, generally introduced by то, что; тем, что; как, etc.

His being a foreigner, an exenemy was bad enough. (Alding­ton) To, что он был иностранец, бывший неприятель, было уже плохо.

Her thoughts were interrupted at last, by the door opening gently. (Reade) Ее мысли были наконец прерваны тем, что дверь тихонько открылась.

I begari to picture to myself... my being found dead in a day or two, under some hedge. (Dickens) Я начал представлять себе, как через день или два меня найдут мертвым под каким-нибудь забором.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27