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A) Food Shopping




Food shopping in the U.S. can be done in four main types of stores: supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores and delis.

Supermarkets, the largest of these, departmentalized, self-service stores carry a wide variety of edible items - dairy products, cereals, bread and baked goods, prepared, canned and frozen goods, ice cream and dessert foods, beverages, and non-edibles - paper products (toilet paper, facial tissue, paper plates and napkins, etc.), personal care products, cigarettes, film, housewares and non-prescription drugs. Some supermarkets also have salad bars, film developing services (in general, it costs about $7.00 or $8.00 per roll of 24 exposures for developing and standard prints) and pharmacies. Depending on a state’s laws, supermarkets may also carry wine and beer. Prices of items are usually clearly marked on the packages, or on signs near the items. Supermarkets usually have baskets and carts for carrying items around the store. They generally have several cashiers and use both manual and electronic pricing scanning (the cashier passes a coded tag in front of an electronic scanner and a price is automatically entered into the cash register). In general, supermarkets are open from Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., and on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Some supermarkets are open on Sundays as well. Many supermarkets are now open 24 hours. Most supermarkets are either closed on major holidays, or are open fewer hours. The general consumer appeal of the supermarket concept — large size, self-service, variety of merchandise, one-stop shopping, ample parking, and low prices — ensured their growth. The building of such stores in suburban areas was important in the development of the retail complexes that came to be known as shopping centers, or malls.

Today, supermarkets are operated by chains of various sizes and by independent owners. The supermarket concept is gaining increasing popularity throughout the world. Other lines of retailing have adopted some of the supermarket methods of low-cost mass distribution.

Grocery stores, a bit smaller than supermarkets, may carry most of the same types of products, but in smaller quantities and with less variety (for instance, they may not have a large selection of fresh vegetables; or they may sell only one commercial brand of a particular item). Grocery stores do not usually have film developing services or pharmacies. Depending on a state’s laws, grocery stores may also carry wine and beer. Prices in grocery stores are usually similar to those of supermarkets. As in supermarkets, the prices of items are usually clearly marked on the packages, or on signs near the items. Grocery stores also usually have baskets and carts and several cashiers. In general, grocery stores usually keep the same working hours as supermarkets.

Convenience stores (called this because of their hours of operation - usually from at least 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and sometimes 24 hours a day) carry a very limited selection of goods and brands. These stores may carry some canned, prepared and frozen goods, beverages, breads and baked goods, and paper and health care products. Prices for items can sometimes be twice that of supermarket prices. When prices are not marked clearly, it is a good idea to ask about the prices of items before the cashier totals the items you wish to purchase.

Delis usually carry only cold cuts (sliced ham, turkey, salami, chicken, roast beef and cheese, etc., prepared for use in sandwiches), breads, beverages, and condiments. Some delis also carry selections of prepared foods and other items.

Other types of specialized food stores include baker’s/ bakery, butcher’s, confectioner’s/ confectionery, dairy, greengrocer’s, fishmonger’s, fruiterer’s, sweet-shop, off-license shop/ wine and spirit merchant’s, and tobacconist’s.

 

 

2.3. What would you buy in the following shops?


florist's greengrocer's baker's

butcher's tobacconist's pet shop

grocer's newsagent's antique shop

stationer's

 

2.4. Study the vocabulary used to describe shopping. Practice saying all the words of French origin. Consult a dictionary if necessary.


General vocabulary:

retail, wholesale, shop/ store, chain, mail-order firm, booth, stall (kiosk), rag fair, shop-window / window display, to dress shop window, show-case/ case/ glass cabinet, counter, check-out point, cash-desk, salesman/ saleswoman/ shop assistant, customer /shopper/ consumer, consumer goods, shopping queue/ line, to do one's shopping/ to go shopping, shopping spree [spri:], impulse buying, bargain, to buy/ to purchase/ to shop for, to sell/ to supply/ to deliver (goods), to display (goods), to be in (full) stock, to be out of stock, cheap, expensive /dear, to cost, price, at a price, discount, at a discount, sale, sales tax, mark-down, boutique [bu'tik], scales;

open from 9 am to 6 pm; Monday to Saturday; closing (opening) time;

to attend (to)/ to serve, to be attended to / to be served, to wrap, fitting /changing room;

to try on, to be stock size, to take size...gloves collar, to wear shoes size..., to be dress size..., to fit, to be a misfit, to suit/ to become, to match/ to go with, to look (well);

style/ design, cut, fashion /vogue, to come into fashion, all the vogue/ all the rage, up-to-date, stylish, dowdy, drab,

to be long-wearing, to wear well, to be shrink proof, to be colour-fast / fade proof, to be shower proof / waterproof/ water repellent, to be crease-resistant, to wash well, to dry soon, to afford;

to run out of smth. to run short of smth. - I've run out of flour.

to stock up - I usually stock up for the week on Saturdays.

to be well stocked,

that will do, will this do? - I'd like a couple of big apples. - Will these do?

we've just got/had.....in,

to be out of stock to have sold out - Have you got vinegar? - We've sold out/we're out of stock.

to buy/sell....loose/ piecemeal;

to sell smth. by weight/by the head;

I’m 91-61-91 (i.e. 91 centimeters round the bust, 61 round the waits, 91 round the hips).

He’s grown out of his shoes.

Adjectives describing price and attitude to money:

free, cheap, reasonable, quite /very/ incredibly expensive, skinflint, thrifty;

Words and phrases about money:

to spend money on smth., at a price, to pay for, to cost, to charge (He charged me $100 = He asked me to pay $100), to lend, to borrow, to waste, to save up, to change, change, to buy on credit/installments, pay a deposit of … pounds;

How much is it? / What does it cost?/ What's the price of...? /What price is this...?/ How much is this watch worth?/ What is the value of it? – It’s worth about $50.

How do you pay? – (In) cash/ by cheque/ check/ by credit card.

Women's outfitter’s or Men's outfitter's:

This skirt is too tight and too short – it needs letting out and letting down.

The dress is too loose and too long – it needs taking in and taking up.

Ready-made clothes/ Ready-to-wear/ Off-the-peg:

garments, dress /frock, gown, pinafore dress, dressing-gown, housecoat, blouse, skirt, shirt, trousers/ pants, slacks, jeans, suit, lounge suit, jacket, dinner jacket (AmE tuxedo), tailcoat/ tails, coat, fur-coat, raincoat /mackintosh, parka, wind jacket, wind cheater, (AmE wind breaker);

Sports shop /sports outfitter's:

sportswear, sport equipment;

Shoe shop /Footwear:

shoes, pumps, boots, high fur-lined boots, wedge-heeled shoes, shoes with high stiletto heels, shoes with no pointed toes, shoes with long pointed toes, laced (shoes, boots), sandals, slippers/trotters (AmE mules), shoes with a zip, covershoes / galoshes (AmE rubbers), Wellingtons, trainers, running shoes, tennis shoes;

suede / chamois, patent-leather, canvas shoes, leather-soled, rubber-soled, flat-heeled (with flat heels), high-heeled, with a small buckle, with a narrow bow, shoe horn, shoe polish;

to have wide/ narrow feet, to have fallen/ high arches;

I have a high instep so I am only comfortable in a low-cut shoes.

I’ve rather a broad foot.

Milliner's:

hat, cap, beret, panama hat, sun hat;

Knitted goods /wear:

cardigan, sweater, jumper, pull-over/ jersey;

Hosiery:

socks, stockings, tights /panty-hose, knee-high stockings, knee-length socks;

Linen:

sheet, pillow-case, blanket slip, bed-cover, table cloth, napkin;

Women’s underwear:

lingerie, slip, waist-slip, bra /brassiere, panties, briefs, bikini briefs, vest;

Men's underclothes:

sleeveless vest, short-sleeved vest/T-shirt, briefs, trunks, long Johns;

Jeweller’s:

ring (engagement ring, wedding ring), ear-rings, necklace, brooch, pendant, bracelet, anklet, silverware;

Perfumery /Cosmetics:

perfume / scent, cream, lipstick, varnish, powder, eye-shade, mascara, make-up;

Style:

long-sleeved, V-necked, round-necked;

General description of clothes:

elegant, smart, scruffy, chic, trendy, with-it;

Appearance:

impeccable, well-dressed, badly-dressed, old-fashioned, fashionable;

Textiles:

satin, velvet, cotton velvet, cotton, nylon, serge (for lining), print, linen, pure-wool cloth, tweed, silk (natural, artificial), leather, kid, tartan, stockinet / knitted, lace, fringe;

Patters and colours:

plain/ solid (AmE), flowered, background, striped, pin-striped, tartan/ plaid (AmE), chequered/ checkered (AmE), polka dot /dotted, spotted, zigzag, rich colour, carmine, coral, crimson, pinkish, purple, beige, copper, khaki, pistachio, azure;

Haberdasher's:

thread reel, yarn, tape, ribbon, needle, knitting-needle, pin, safety-pin, button, hooks, clasps, gloves, mittens, muffler/ scarf, toiletries;

Antique shop and art shop:

valuable old articles, bric-a-brac, painting, water-colour, engraving, etching, sculpture, books on art;

Record shop and newsagent's:

records,newspapers, magazines, posters, paperbacks, greeting cards, plain/picture postcard, envelopes, stamps;

Chemist's /druggist's/ drugstore:

drugs /medicines and related articles;

Bookseller's /bookshop and Stationer's (AmE stationery):

note paper, writing paper, writing pad, wrapping paper, carbon paper, notebook, file, diary, paper clip, drawing pin, ruler, rubber/ eraser, fountain pen, ink, ball-point pen, refill, fibre / felt-tip pen;

Florist's /flower shop:

plant,pot plant, wreath, bouquet ['bukei], seed;

Furniture shop:

bedroom suite [swi:t], sitting-room suite, blind, curtains;

Ironmonger's /hardware shop:

spade, nail, hammer, screw, nuts, screwdriver, gardening tools, watering-can, bucket / pail;

China shop:

china /porcelain, glassware, pottery /ceramics, crockery (ware);

Household goods:

tableware, dinnerware, kitchen utensils, iron, broom, mop, electric appliances.

 

2.5. Read the text below and answer the questions after the text.

 





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