Get involved intervene ceasefire civilian peace-keeping force

Withdraw intermediary targets neutral peace treaty

B) Peace Making

Aggression outbreak forces ultimatum retaliate

Deteriorate mobilise hostile acts declare war clashes

A) The Outbreak of War

Disposal herbicides extinction animal rights

Organic acid rain ecological deforestation

Sewage enlightened pesticides sustainable

When industrialisation began, little thought was given to its (a) ______effects. Raw, untreated (b) ______ was allowed to pollute our seas and rivers. Animals were killed for profit to the point of (c) ______. The loss of trees through uncontrolled (d) ______caused erosion and unstable climate, (e)______was caused by the poisonous gases man sent into the atmosphere. Chemicals in (f)______ killed animal life, (g) ______ destroyed plants. The balance of nature was disturbed.

It is only now that we are waking up to the problem. More natural, (h) ______ farming is advocated. Legislation controls the (i) ______ of waste products into our air and water. Wildlife organisations are becoming more militant in their fight for (j) ______. Replanting policies in some parts of the world mean that our forests should in future be (k) ______.

We can only hope that growing public awareness and (l) ______ legislation will produce a world which is safe for us and will provide a good quality of life for future generations.

5.4. a) Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passages below. b) Think of examples from real life to illustrate each case.

For years there were border (a) ______between troops of country X and those of country Z. Then (b) ______ from X attacked a village in Z. Z accused X of (c) ______ and began to (d) ______ in readiness for possible war. X warned Z: “If you carry out (e) ______ against us, we will (f) ______.” But there was more fighting on the border. The situation begun to (g) ______. X delivered an (h) ______ to Z. “If you do not promise to respect our borders, we will (i) ______.” Finally came the (j) ______of war.

After months of fighting, during which (a) ______ as well as military (b) ______ were bombed, country X asked country Y, which had remained (c) ______ during the hostilities, to act as an (d) ______, but Y decided not to (e) ______. X then asked the United Nations to (f) ______. The United Nations managed to arrange a (g) ______and stationed a multi-national (h) ______ between the two opposing armies. After weeks of talks, the two countries finally signed a (i) ______ and the UN troops were able to (j) ______.

5.5. Explain the difference between the following.

(a) to advance and to retreat (e) conventional war and nuclear war

(b) liberating war and civil war (f) an ally and an enemy

(c) absolute poverty and relative poverty

(d) GDP and GNP

5.6. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.

as on in for out between

1. X declared war ______ Z.

2. Troops are moving ______ readiness ______ an attack.

3. Y didn’t want to get involved ______ the fighting.

4. The Second World War broke ______ in 1939.

5. Canada acted ______ an intermediary ______ the argument.

6. War planes carried ______ an attack.

7. The peace-keeping force remained ______ the two enemy armies during peace

talks, then withdrew.

5.7. Read the passage from the New Internationalist (1999) and match the words in bold to their definitions after the text.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27