Word origin

Read the article without a dictionary, try to retell it.

At leisure

Grammar exercises

Think and give extensive answers.

VII. Discuss these questions with your partner.

— What do you think it means to be wealthy?

— Why are some people wealthier than others?

— What does poverty mean? Is there a way to define it?

— How many people in the world do you think live in poverty?

— Do you believe people in industrialized countries live in
poverty?

— What do you think are the possible results of living in poverty?

— In what ways does poverty affect people’s lives?

VIII. Say what you have learned about:

— Wealth of a person, family, company, country

— Flow of money

— Inequalities in wealth

— Situation in poor countries

— Huge inequalities in wealth

— Measure of poverty

— Absolute poverty

— Poverty line

— Poverty trap

IX. Translate the sentences. Practise the use of the Absolute
Participle Construction (§ 16).

1. Monetary policy affects prices, the aggregate level of output and employment being independent of it. 2. The Central Bank acting as banker to commercial banks, the financial system works steadily. 3. Ceiling prices being controlled by the government, goods may find their way to the black market. 4. With a financial panic everyone wanting his money at the same time, the bank is unable to pay. 5. The two principal economic systems were considered to be capitalism and socialism, mixed economics lying in between them. 6. The world distribution of income is unjust, with poor countries having 61 per cent of the world’s population. 7. Checks being accepted in payment of purchases, people feel that a bank account is even better than money in their pocket. 8. In the next 25 years the average age in the United States increasing, problems of the aged will be important.

X. Supply the correct forms of the verbs (§ 11). Translate the
sentences.

1. This government (not to pay) attention to the economists` recommendations. 2. Some economists (to expect) world population (to reach) 12 billion by 2025. 3. The consumer incomes (to rise) which (to result) in lower demand for inferior goods. 4. Economists (to consider) natural resources to be the third factor of production. 5. In future higher prices for oil (to make) research institutes to work at substitutes for oil. 6. To achieve the highest efficiency the economists (to analyse) economic activity of a firm. 7. To run a business (to be) to plan its activity. 8. Our firm (to have) to increase efficiency of labour.

GYMNASTICS: in the nude

It is easy to see the re semblance between our word gymnastics and its Greek parent gymnazo, which means «train naked» and comes from gymnos, meaning just plain «naked». In ancient Greece, exercises were

often performed in the nude by both boys and men, and, at one period, the famous Olympic track meets were run off in the nude. The Greeks of the time believed that nudity was conducive to health, just as our passionate sun-bathers do today. The great Greek physician Hippo crates claimed that the sun was healthful and soothing to the nerves of the back. With us modern gymnastics are usually performed in a gymnasium while the term athletics generally applies to outdoor contests. track meet — легкоатлетическое соревнование

2. Read and translate the proverbs, think of Russian equivalents,
give a situation using them.

— Better to do well than to say well.

— If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.

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