Ex.2. Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order

A guide to doing export business in Japan

Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions.

s Be prepared … important cultural and language difficulties. This may seem obvious but some businessmen try to get by … Japan … hiring a good interpreter who can also explain Japanese traditions and customs.

s Trade … personal contact … a senior level. This is more important that trading … price.

s Patience pays dividends. It may take several visits before an order comes ….

s Quote … local currency.

s Emphasise your product’s country … origin.

s Offer gifts. However, it is not the value … the gift, but the fact it is a present … you that counts.

(for, in (2), without, on (2), at, through, of (2), from)

Exercises in Comprehension

Ex.1. Answer the following questions:

1. What should a businessman know before starting business abroad?

2. In which country is it not recommended to discuss business over dinner?

3. In what countries will you never make written contracts?

4. Where do they change written contracts as conditions do?

5. What is considered polite in the USA?

6. What behaviour is usual in Japan and Korea?

7. In which country do they avoid saying “no” directly?

8. You shouldn’t bring liquour to an Arab house. Why?

9. What gifts are not acceptable in China?

10. Should you not criticize royalty in Great Britain?

11. In which country should you shake hands?

12. Is the custom of giving tips still common in many countries?

13. When do you tip and how much?

1. Clock/bad/a/is/symbol/of/a/luck. (China)

2. Directly/”no”/avoid/they/saying. (Japan)

3. never/business/must/you/discuss/dinner/over. (France)

4. Luckiest/is/the/number/eight. (China)

5. Responsibility/managers/to/expected/are/full/take. (Saudi Arabia)

6. Always/taught/have/not/been/business/do/to/anyone/but/with/friends/ they. (Mexico)

7. Business/do/they/quickly/as/possible/as. (Britain)

8. You/if/shake/fail/hands/to/may/considered/be/rude/you. (France)

9. Take/they/queues/seriously/very/never/and/ jump/line/in. (Britain)

10. Make/people/clear/a/distinction/personal/between/business/and/ relationships. (Germany)

11. Titles/required/job/are/generally/talking/to/when/colleagues/business. (Mexico)

Ex.3. Are the statements in exercise 2 true for Ukraine? Write similar sentences about customs in Ukraine, using the following topics:

s parties

s business

s lucky numbers or objects

s politeness

Ex.4. Compare the customs in the text with those in Ukraine. What are the differences and what are the similarities?

Grammar Revision

The Participle 1. The participle has the following forms:
		Active	Passive
	Present (Participle I)	writing	being written
	Perfect (Participle I)	having written	having been written
	Past (Participle II)	____	written
2. Participles can be used like: a) verb forms. Participles are used with the auxiliary verbs “be” and “have” to make progressive, perfect and passive verb forms. He was answering questions when I came in. He has forgotten my name. You’ll be informed soon. b) adjectives Your offer seems exciting. The office window is broken. c) adverbs The secretary ran screaming out of the house. d) clauses Having spent all his money, he asked father to help him. Being unable to help, we gave him some money. 3. The structure object + participle (clause) is used after verbs of sensation (e.g. see, hear, feel, watch, notice, smell) and some other verbs (e.g. find, get, have, make) I saw your secretary sending a fax to our business partner. I found him speaking toa customer. You ought to get your car repaired.

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