List of References

Reporting Verbs

Useful phrases for abstracts

APPENDIX 3

Greek alphabet

Latin terms and abbriviations

Signs and symbols

+ plus

– minus

= equals to / is equal to

≠ does not equal to /is not equal to

≈ approximately

< less/ smaller than

> greater/ bigger than

≤ less than or equal to

≥ greater than or equal to

≦ equal or less than

≧ equal or greater than

∑ the sum of

∞ infinity / infinite

∴ therefore

: is to (ratio sign)

a* a star [ei sta:]

a′ a prime [ei praim]

∠ angle

∟ right angle

⊥∘perpendicular

dx – differential of x

∫ – integral of

∫f(x)dx – integral of a function of x over dx

∫^m_n - integral between limits n and m

(x) absolute value of x

% per cent

dy/dx derivative of y with respect to x

d²y/dx² second derivetive of y with respect to x

Å – angstrom

IBIDEM (IB, IBID) – in the cited source – там само

In situ – at the site – на місці

Per se – by itself – само по собі

Conditio sine qua non – indispensable conditions – обов’язкова умова

Via – through – шляхом

Viz – namely – а саме

Status quo – initial conditions – початкове положення

Ergo – consequently ‑ отже

Proviso – on condition that – за умови

Sic! – important – важливо

Ad hoc – made, arranged for a particular purpose – спеціальний, зроблений з певною метою

Α α	[ˈælfə]	Ν ν	[ˈnjuː], [ˈnuː]
Β β	[ˈbiːtə], [ˈbeɪtə]	Ξ ξ	[ˈzaɪ], [ˈksaɪ]
Γ γ	[ˈɡæmə]	Ο ο	[ˈɒmɨkrɒn], [oʊˈmaɪkrɒn]
Δ δ	[ˈdɛltə]	Π π	[ˈpaɪ]
Ε ε	[ˈɛpsɨlɒn]	Ρ ρ	[ˈroʊ]
Ζ ζ	[ˈziːtə], [ˈzeɪt]	Σ σ	[ˈsɪɡmə]
Η η	[ˈiːtə], [ˈeɪtə]	Τ τ	[ˈtaʊ], [ˈtɔː]
Θ θ	[ˈθiːtə], [ˈθeɪtə]	Υ υ	[juːpˈsaɪlən], [ˈʊpsɨlɒn], [ʌpˈsaɪlən], [ˈʌpsɨlɒn]
Ι ι	[aɪˈoʊtə]	Φ φ	[ˈfaɪ]
Κ κ	[ˈkæpə]	Χ χ	[ˈkaɪ]
Λ λ	[ˈlæmdə]	Ψ ψ	[ˈsaɪ], [ˈpsaɪ]
Μ μ	[ˈmjuː], [ˈmuː]	Ω ω	[oʊˈmeɪɡə], [ˈoʊmɨɡə]

The text (article, paper)	• is about… • deals with… • presents… • describes…
In the text	• the reader gets to know… • the reader is confronted with… • the reader is told about…
The author	• says, states, points out that… • claims, believes, thinks that… • describes, explains, makes clear that… • uses examples to confirm / prove that… • agrees /disagrees with the view … • contradicts the view • criticises / analyses / comments on… • tries to express… • argues that… • suggests that… • compares X to Y… • emphasizes his point by saying that… • doubts that… • tries to convince the readers that… • concludes that…

• The texts consists of …/ may be divided into…

• In the first paragraph / exposition the author introduces…

• In the second part of the text / paragraph the author describes…

• Another example can be found …

• As a result…

• To sum up / to conclude…

• In his last remark / with his last remark/statement the author concludes that…

strong argument	neutral	counterargument	suggestion	criticism
argue	state	refute the claim	suggest	criticize
claim	report	argue against	recommend
contend	explain
maintain	discuss
insist	illustrate
posit	observe

Boyd T. J. M. The Physics of Plasmas / T. J. M. Boyd, J. J. Sanderson. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 532 p.

Fridman A. A. Plasma Physics and Engineering / A. A. Fridman, L. A. Kennedy. – New York, London: Taylor & Francis Routledge, 2006. – 852 p.

Heyde K. Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics. An Introductory Approach / K. Heyde. ‑ Bristol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999. –
524 p.

Kane S. A. Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine / S. A. Kane. ‑ Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. – 449 p.

Rotkin S. V. Applied Physics of Carbon Nanotubes: Fundamentals of Theory, Optics and Transport Devices / S. V. Rotkin, S. Subramoney. – New York: Springer, 2005. – 362 p.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03