Unit 4. Nanotechnology around us

Task 7. Write a summary of the text «Pasta-shaped Radio Waves Beamed across Venice».

Task 6. Complete the sentences according to the text «Pasta-shaped Radio Waves Beamed across Venice» in your own words.

Task 5. Choose the correct words.

Task 4. Choose the correct answer.

Task 3. Read the text again and decide if the statements are true, false or not mentioned in the text.

1. Italian and Swedish researchers have read about the problem of radio congestion by twisting radio waves into the shape of fusilli pasta.

2. The number of radio frequency bands available to transmit information increases.

3. A solution to the congested bands is manipulating waves so that they can hold more than one channel of information.

4. There are several configurations that a wave can adopt.

5. The phase twist looks like a fusillli-pasta-shaped beam.

1. What problem does a group of researchers appear to have solved?

a) the problem of pasta-shaped radio waves

b) the problem of radio congestion

c) the problem of the University of Padova

2. How can a wave twist about its axis?

a) a certain number of times

b) in either a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction

c) both

3. Even in the very same frequency band, each of the twisted beams can be.

a) generated and detected

b) independently generated, propagated and detected

c) independent

4. What did the researchers do to demonstrate the solution?

a) transmitted two twisted radio waves over a distance of 442 metres

b) transmitted two twisted radio waves in the 2.4 GHz band over a distance of 442 metres

c) cooked two plates of fusillli-pasta

5. How is it possible to obtain 55 channels in the same frequency band?

a) using multiplexing

b) using five orbital angular momentum states

c) both

1. A method for generating and detecting twisted radio waves / fusillli-pasta could lead to an explosion in the number of available communication channels.

2. A group of Italian and Swedish researchers appears to have solved the problem of radio jam / congestion.

3. The number of radio frequency gangs / bands available to broadcast information gets smaller and smaller.

4. The twisted beams behave as independent communication canals / channels.

5. The researchers transmitted two twisted radio waves to a satellite plate /dish.

1.A group of Italian and Swedish researchers ….

2. A solution to the congested bands is ….

3. A wave can twist ….

4. It is possible to obtain….

«In thinking about nanotechnology today, what's most important is understanding where it leads, what nanotechnology will look like after we reach the assembler breakthrough».

K. Eric Drexler [9]

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