Text 2 types of taxes

Exercise 1.7 Complete the sentences below with the words and word expressions from the box.

Exercise 1.6 Make up sentences from the words.

Exercise 1.5 Read the statements. Are they true or false? Correct the false ones.

1. Taxation is a system of raising money from people and business.

a) True; b) False

2. Government could not exist without taxes.

a) True; b) False

3. The amount and kind of taxes have been debated throughout history.

a) True; b) False

4. People usually support their government in imposing taxes.

a) True; b) False

5. Every country has its own system of taxation.

a) True; b) False.

6. Borrowing is the main source for finance government’s activity.

a) True; b) False

7. Government sometimes uses taxes to achieve social and economic objectives.

a) True; b) False

8. Taxation helps government to maintain the stability of country’s economy.

a) True; b) False

1. by a state / imposed on an individual / A tax is / a financial charge or other levy / or a legal entity.

2. and the government expenditure / are often highly debated / in politics and economics / of taxes raised /The method of taxation.

3. wealth / from / to / Redistribution / the richer sections of society / means / transferring / poorer sections.

4. direct tax or indirect tax / Taxes / are sometimes / to / referred / as.

5. where the economy / the existence of a tax / is not perfectly competitive, / In some cases / can increase / economic efficiency.

6. is a tax / by reason / A property tax / of its ownership / imposed on property.

7. critical roles / Taxes / in the revenue systems / of all developed countries/ on people’s incomes / play.

8. so that / Tax laws / both / should be written / the taxpayer and tax-collector / can understand them.

compulsory charge cost revenue tax system imposed income

1) The only means most people have of paying taxes is the ______ they earn.

2) Taxes should be ______ justly.

3) In order to have an effective _______, government must have criteria or standards.

4) Much of government’s ______ comes from the income and property taxes.

5) A tax has been defined as a _______ imposed upon persons and businesses for public purposes.

6) The principal purposes of taxes is to pay for the ______ of government.

Exercise 2.1 Study the vocabulary:

1) taxation	1) оподаткування
2) to levy taxes	2) стягувати податки
3) to direct tax	3) прямий податок
4) income tax	4) податок з прибутку
5) capital gains tax	5) податок на приріст капіталу
6) to impose tax	6) обкладати податком
7) capital transfer tax	7) податок на спадок
8) death duty	8) податок на спадок
9) inheritance tax	9) податок на спадок
10) estate tax	10) податок на спадок
11) corporation tax	11) податок на корпорації
12) national insurance	12) державне страхування
13) social security	13) соціальне страхування
14) indirect tax	14) непрямий податок
15) value-added tax	15) податок на додану вартість
16) goods and services tax	16) податок на товари та послуги
17) sales tax	17) податок з продажу
18) excise tax (duty)	18) акцизний збір
19) perks	19) пільги
20) tax haven	20) укриття від податків (держава з низькими податками)
21) tax burden	21) податковий тягар
22) tax avoidance	22) зменшення (платником) суми податку без порушення закону(шляхом перерахунку)
23) tax evasion	23) (незаконне) ухиляння від сплати податків
24) loophole	24) лазівка

Exercise 2.2 Read and translate the text:

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03