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Names of Months and Days of the Week
Names of Seasons Unit 11 The Use of Articles with Some Semantic Groups of Nouns (1) · Names of seasons are used without articles if they show a certain time of the year: It was spring. I like spring. Note. You do not usually use the definite article after “It is” and “It was” · When you are talking about a specific occurrence of a season, you usually use the definite article: You’ll feel better in the spring. · The definite article is also used when these nouns are modified by particularizing attribute or when the situation makes them definite: It happened in the spring of 1930. The spring was cold and rainy. In dates you say “spring 1974” but “the spring of 1974” · The indefinite article is used when these nouns are modified by a descriptive attribute: It was a cold spring. · When names of seasons are modified by the adjectives early or late, no articles are used: It was early spring. In American English it is more common to refer to the seasons with the definite article (except after “next” and “last”).
· As a rule names of months and days are used without articles: May is a spring month. My day off is Friday. · When these nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute and when it is clear from the context what day in a week you are talking about the definite article is used: The May of 1949 will always rest in my memory. The meeting will take place not later then the second Monday in May. · Names of days are used with the indefinite article when we identify one day of the week in general or when we mean one of many Mondays, Fridays: Robinson Crusoe found his servant on a Friday. Don’t do it on a Monday. I was always washing on a Monday and baking on a Wednesday. Compare this with “He bought it on Monday ”, meaning “last Monday” · Names of months are used with the indefinite article when modified by a descriptive attribute: A cold May is the usual thing in our city.
Names of Parts of the Day To this group of nouns belong: day, night, morning, evening, noon, afternoon, midnight, dawn, dusk, sunrise, sunset, daytime, nightfall and the like. 1. These nouns are used without articles: · If day and morning, mean 'light', and night and evening mean 'darkness', or if they denote a certain part of the day: Day broke and we started. The sun had gone and night had come. Day is meant for work, night for sleep. · When they are used as a predicative: It was evening when he decided to lay his books aside and take a walk. It was dusk but I could see Henry walking across the field. · When these nouns aremodified by the adjectives early, late, high, broad because these adjectives do not describe the morning or night, but only show the time: It was high noon. It was lateevening. It was earlymorning. · After the prepositions at, by, about, past, before, after, towards, till, until: at night, at dawn, by day (вдень), by night (вночі), by noon, by midnight, past noon, about midnight, before dawn, after sunset.
After midnight I walked to the beach with him. · There is no article with the nouns morning, day and dawn when they are used as subject to the verbs to break, to be at hand; the same is true of the nouns evening, night, dusk when they are followed by the verbs to fall, to gather, to set in, to be at hand, to come: Day was breaking when we set out. The sky was overcast and dusk fell early. Dawn was breaking among the olives. · When they are modified by the names of the days of the week and the words tomorrow and yesterday: She was here yesterday afternoon. I went to Aunt Milly's house on Friday evening. I shall see him tomorrow morning. Note. Compare: We met on Saturday night (Ми зустрілися ввечері минулої суботи) and We met on a Saturday night (Ми зустрілися якось ввечері у суботу). · In the following phrases:
But we say: all through the night and all through the day. · In attributive of-phrases. Yet, the definite article is used when a particular day, night is meant: He always woke up with the first sounds of morning.
2. The definite article is used: · When the speaker uses these nouns to mean a particular day, night. Very often it is clear from the situation or the context but it may also be expressed with the help of a particularizing attribute: The night was warm and beautifully still. He decided to spend the afternoon with his friends. The weather was very cold on the day of his arrival. Sometimes we find a descriptive attribute with nouns denoting parts of the day, but the definite article will still be used when the situation makes them definite: I could see a few faint stars in the clear night. · If nouns denoting parts of the day are used generically: He used to spend the morning lying about the beach. I often sat up the night with him and read to him to ease his pain. · In some prepositional phrases where they are to be treated as set phrases: in the morning, in the evening, in the daytime, in the afternoon, in the night.
3. The indefinite article is used: · When these nouns are the centre of communication in the sentence and are modified by a descriptive attribute: I spent a sleepless night. It was a fine, warm night and Charles and I decided to walk home. On a hot September evening he strolled idly to the embankment.
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