Is ….. MBA responsible for …..moral turpitude at ….. top?

School for Scandal

Management Education

Homeopathy

Although during ….. past 200 years many people in Britain, Europe and America have felt better for consulting ….. homeopath, …..orthodox doctors are scornful. According to them, homeopathic remedies only work because …. people who take them believe that they will work. Scientists are sceptical because they are convinced that …. remedies do not contain enough of …. substance to have any effect. But …. idea of taking ….. smallest possible amount, or minimum dose, of ….. remedy is fundamental to homeopathy. …. British Medical Association's 1986 report on …..alternative medicine rejected homeopathy out of ….hand - …. theory of minimum dose was irrational.

Dr Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), …. father of homeopathy, objected to …. barbarous practices of allopathic medicine. ….18th century doctors relied on blood letting and prescription of poisonous mixtures of drugs. Hahnemann noticed that ….substances which produced …. same symptoms as …. particular disease could be used to cure it. Hahnemann came across this phenomenon (first described by Hippocrates) when he experimented with ….cinchona or Peruvian bark, from which quinine is derived. Knowing that …. drug was effective against malaria, he took it and found that he developed all … symptoms of malaria. Through extensive testing on himself, friends, and family, he drew …. drug pictures of hundreds of substances and established …. law of similars, or treatment of like by like.

Since …. substances were often toxic, Hahnemann began to experiment with methods of diluting them to find …. smallest possible dose - …. cure without side effects. He diluted one part of …. substance with 99 parts of …. mixture of water and alcohol and gave …. result 100 powerful shocks, or successions. He called this dilution …. first centesimal potency.

In …. London cholera epidemic of 1854, …. death rate in ….orthodox London hospitals was 53.2 per cent, compared with …. death rate in …. London Homeopathic Hospital of 16.4 per cent. This striking difference may be accounted for by other aspects of homeopathy - its emphasis on diet, exercise, and fresh air and …. patient's spiritual, emotional, and intellectual wellbeing. Whether …minimum dose is, vindicated or not, patients will continue to seek ….relief from …. ailments ….conventional medicine cannot cure. And they will continue to benefit from …. time and attention they receive from ….homeopathic practitioners.

The Guardian (BrE)

Several of ….. corporate scandals that took place in ….. early years of this decade are currently being replayed in ….. courtrooms from New York to Alabama. ….. trials of ….. top executives at HealthSouth, Tyco International and WorldCom are reminding ….. public how unethical was ….. behaviour of some of ….. nation's top managers only ….. few short years ago.

….. finger of blame for this behaviour is sometimes pointed at ….. MBA, ….. degree offered by ….. business schools from Harvard to Hawaii. Perhaps this is not as odd as it sounds. After all, ….. MBAs lay as thick on ….. ground at Enron as ….. managerial hubris, and disinterested outsiders are not alone in asking whether there might have been some connection.

In ….. extraordinary mea culpa, Sumantra Ghoshal, ….. respected business academic who died last year, argued in ….. paper to be published shortly that ….. way MBA students are taught has freed them "from any sense of moral responsibility" for what they subsequently do in their business lives. This, he believed (and other respected academics, such as Jeffrey Pfeffer of Stanford, are carrying; his argument forward), is because management studies have been hi-jacked intellectually by ….. dismal science of economics.

….. stout defense of ….. virtues of economics from ….. publication called The Economist would hardly be ….. surprise. But, in fact, this is not necessary to refute ….. claim that ….. business schools are responsible for ….. moral turpitude at ….. top of …..corporate America. As it happens, most of ….. erstwhile corporate leaders currently appearing in ….. dock never went near one, whereas many acknowledged champions of business ethics, such as Lou Gerstner, did.

What's more, many of ….. top business schools have taken steps to offset any ethically desensitizing influence there may have been in their MBA coursework. They have greatly expanded their teaching of business ethics—some by introducing special courses, others in more memorable ways. Tuck School of Business, for example, persuades ….. ex-convict to come every year to tell its MBA students of his regrets.

….. dubious claim that ….. business schools are responsible for ….. moral failures of their graduates decades after ….. graduation does, however, highlight one widespread misunderstanding about ….. role and purpose of ….. MBA.

Mr Ghoshal and his supporters are right that ….. top business schools strive for ….. academic respectability, and that this has led them to rely heavily on ….. economic theory. But they are wrong to criticize this. As long as schools are teaching academic degrees (and, after all, ….. letters MBA stand for Master of Business Administration), they have to teach ….. most compelling business theories around. It may be ….. pity that these are mostly to be found in economics. But that is ….. fault of other disciplines for not coming up with ….. ideas to rival, for example, ….. agency theory or ….. maximization of shareholder value.

….. real problem arises when students, or their new employers, believe that ….. MBA is, somehow, ….. qualification for …..business leadership. It is not, nor could any academic degree provide this. Law or medical degrees are necessary but not sufficient for ….. making of outstanding lawyers or doctors. In ….. similar way, ….. good MBA degree can help provide ….. student with analytical knowledge useful to ….. business career. But becoming ….. successful leader of men and women in ….. turbulent business world requires maturity and wisdom. Happily, there is no degree programme for those.

The Economist (BrE)

Дата добавления: 2014-12-24