Vocabulary. Text 3. Russian achievements

Text 3. Russian achievements

to take pride in smth – гордиться чем-либо
achievements and developments – достижения
to be abundant in great names – изобиловать великими именами
to be regarded as a great power – считаться великой державой
reign - правление

to be associated with smth – ассоциироваться с чем-либо

contribution to smth – вклад во что-либо
space exploration – освоение космоса
liquid-fuelled missile – ракета на жидком топливе
intercontinental ballistic missile – межконтинентальная баллистическая ракета

space launch vehicle – средство выведения в космос

to launch a satellite – запустить спутник

to become a sensation the world over – стать всемирно известным

to boast many firsts in smth – гордиться многими инновациями в чем-либо

space travel – полет в космос

man-made satellite – искусственный спутник

to launch smth into the Earth or­bit – запустить что-либо на орбиту Земли

manned flight – пилотируемый полет

dual manned flight – полет двух космических кораблей с людьми на борту

approach in space – сближение в космосе

docking between two manned craft – стыковка двух кораблей с людьми

exchange of crews – обмен экипажами

to take the first probe on the Moon – взять первую пробу на Луне

image of the Moon's far side – фотография другой стороны Луны

robotic space rover – космический аппарат-робот

space station – космическая станция

the first woman to walk in space – первая женщина, вышедшая в открытый космос

to launch smth from a submarine – запустить что-либо с подводной лодки

classical music – классическая музыка

composer -композитор

to add religious and folk elements – добавить религиозный и народный элементы

classical composition – классическая композиция

to compose opera – сочинять оперу

to be based on the Italian tradition – быть основанным на итальянской традиции

to make up smth – составлять что-либо

the Mighty Handful – «Могучая кучка»

to be influenced by smth – попасть под влияние чего-либо

the most notable composition – наиболее значительное сочинение

The Snow Maiden – «Снегурочка»

symphonic suite – симфоническая сюита

to remain the most well-known – оставаться наиболее известным

fame – слава, известность

to be unquestioned – быть несомненным

to be best known for ballets -быть больше всего известным своими балетами
Swan Lake - «Лебединое озеро»

The Nutcracker - «Щелкунчик

Russia can take pride in numerous achievements and developments in many fields. Russian science, art and literature have been abundant in great names for centuries, and the country has been regarded as a great power playing an important role in the world's history at least since the reign of Peter the Great. There are some achievements, though, which are usually associated with Russia and which I am proud of most.

The first one is Russia's contribution to space exploration. The theory of space exploration was created in the USSR before the Second World War by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Under the direction of the designer and engineer Sergei Korolev a liquid-fuelled missile R-7 Semyorka was built. II was an intercontinental ballistic missile and an excellent basis for a space launch vehicle. Launching the first satellite Sputnik 1 on the 4th of 1957 im­mediately became a sensation the world over.

Russia could boast many firsts in space travel. Among the most im­portant ones are launching the R-7 Semyorka, launching the first man-made satellite Sputnik 1 into the Earth orbit, sending the first animal to enter orbit in space, the first manned flight by Yuri Gagarin on board Vostok, the first dual manned flight and approach in space, the first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6, first docking between two manned craft in Earth orbit and exchange of crews, taking the first probe on the Moon, the first images of the Moon's far side, the first robotic space rover Lunokhod 1, the first space station Salyut 1 (1971), the first woman to walk in space, Svetlana Savitskaya in 1984, the first crew to spend over one year in space (1987), the first permanently manned space station Mir which orbited the Earth from 1986 until 2001, the first space satellite launched in 1998 from a submarine.

The second thing I admire is Russian classical music which is fa­mous all over the world for the complex harmony it offers, Russia has a long history of classical music. The first important Russian composer was Mikhail Glinka (1804—1857) who added religious and folk elements to classical compositions, composing operas like Ruslan and Lyudmila and Ivan Susanin which were distinctively Russian yet based on the Italian tradition. Glinka and the composers who made up The Mighty Handful

after him (Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky, Balakirev, Borodin and Cesar Cui) were often influenced by Russian folk music and tales. Among the Mighty Handful's most notable compositions were the operas The Snow Maiden, Sadko, Boris Godunov, Prince Igor and Khovanshchina, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade.

Other prominent Russian composers include Tchaikovsky, Rach­maninoff, and in the 20th century Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Scriabin and Shostakovich. Of these, Tchaikovsky remains the most well-known outside Russia, and his fame as the country's most famous composer is unquestioned. He is best known for ballets like Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.

The third thing I admire is Russian classical literature universally known for its psychological depth and powerful style. Many prose writers and poets all over the world have been influenced by the giants of Russian classical literature like Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, to name only a few.

Translate the following sentences into Engish:

1. Русские гордятся многими достижениями в науке, искусстве и литературе.

2. Наука и искусство России изобиловали великими именами в течение многих веков, а страна считалась во всем мире великой державой, однако многие люди особенно ассоциируют с Россией некоторые ее достижения.

3. В освоении космоса Россия может гордиться многими инноваци­ями, самые важные среди которых: запуск первого искусственного спутника Земли на ее орбиту, первый запуск космического корабля с животным на борту, первый пилотируемый полет, сближение кораблей в космосе, взятие первых образцов лунной почвы, первые фотографии темной стороны Луны и многие другое.

4. Русская классическая музыка известна во всем мире своей слож­ной гармонией и имееет долгую историю.

5. Наиболее известные русские композиторы-классики — это Глинка, Мусоргский, Бородин, Чайковский.

6. Чайковский остается самым знаменитым за пределами России русским композитором, он известен своими балетами, а слава его несомненна.

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