Тема 14. Признаки и симптомы болезни

Dialogue

Задание 1. Повторяйте за диктором слова и словосочетания. Запомните их значение:

1. to do smb’s best сделать все возможное,

постараться

2. in-patient стационарный больной

3. As far as I know. насколько я знаю.

4. kindergarten детский сад

5. prevention профилактика

6. cure лечение

7. staff штат

8. as for … что касается …

9. to meet the requirement удовлетворять потребности

Задание 2. Прослушайте диалог и воспроизведите его в парах:

A.: - A lot of people in Britain don’t know very much about the Health Service in Russia. Could you tell me some words about its structure?

B.: - I'll certainly do my best. As you know, I’m a medical student and know the system of medical aid in our country. Well, where should I begin?

A.: - First of all, I’d like to know something about Hospital Service. Is it free of charge?

B.: - If you have Insurance Policy you can get medical services free of charge with the exception of some types of stomatologic aid.

A.: - What departments are there in the hospital?

B.: - As far as I know there are many departments in each hospital: therapeutic, neurology, cardiac, burns, etc. There are also specialized clinics: mental, oncological, infectious and others.

A.: - That’s excellent. But what about children? Where are they treated?

B.: - There are special children’s hospitals where they have got all sorts of treatment. Besides in kindergartens and at schools children are given regular medical examination. “Prevention is better than cure”, as we say.

A.: - You are quite right. What’s the medical staff at the hospital?

B.: - As a rule, medical staff consists of a chief-doctor, therapeutists, surgeons, cardiologists, neurologists and many other specialists. They work in the departments. As for nurses, they assist the surgeons during operations, take the patient's temperature, provide medical procedures.

A.: - I suppose, a general hospital has necessary equipment, hasn't it?

B.: - Yes, of course. Each hospital is modern equipped and has necessary instruments.

A.: - I know your state is doing all it can to meet the requirements of a modern Health Service. Thank you for the information. Good-bye!

B.: - Good-bye!

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

1. Выполните лабораторную работу по теме в лингафонном кабинете.

2. Выучите новые слова и выражения по теме.

3. Переведите тексты темы на русский язык.

4. Составьте план пересказа темы на русском языке (используйте графологическую структуру к теме).

5. Подготовьте пересказ и диалог по теме на английском языке.

DISEASE: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания. Повторяйте их за диктором:

1. acute острый

2. malignant злокачественный

3. benign доброкачественный

4. duration продолжительность

5. to cause death приводить к смерти

6. abruptly внезапно

7. vomiting рвота

8. to require требовать

9. to refer зд. относиться

10. ulcerative colitis язвенный колит

11. relapsing attacks повторяющиеся приступы

12. to alternate чередоваться

13. complication осложнение

14. cancer рак

15. to indicate указывать на что-либо

16. sign признак

17. manifestation проявление

18. fever высокая температура

19. lack недостаток, отсутствие

чего-либо

20. severe burn сильный ожог

21. heart malfunction сердечная дисфункция

22. significant значительный

23. to be modified изменяться, модифицироваться

24. to lower снижать

Задание 2. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание:

DISEASE: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Disease may be acute, chronic, malignant, or benign. Of these terms, chronic and acute have to do with the duration of a disease, malignant and benign with its potentiality for causing death.

An acute disease usually begins abruptly and is over soon. Acute appendicitis, for example, is characterized by vomiting, and pain usually localized in the lower right side. It usually requires immediate surgical treatment. The term chronic refers to a process that often begins very gradually and then persists for a long period. For example, ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease. Its peak incidence is early in the second decade of life. The disease is characterized by relapsing attacks of bloody diarrhea that persist for weeks to months. These attacks alternate with asymptomatic periods that can last from weeks to years.

The terms benign and malignan t, most often used to describe tumours, can be used in a more general sense. Benign diseases are generally without complications, and a good prognosis is usual. Malignancy implies a process that, if left alone, will result in fatal illness. Cancer is the general term for all malignant tumours.

Diseases usually are indicated by signs and symptoms. A sign is defined as an objective manifestation of disease that can be determined by a physician; a symptom is subjective evidence of disease reported by the patient. Each disease has a lot of signs and symptoms; individual sign such as fever, however, may be found in a great number of diseases.

Fever is an abnormal rise in body temperature. It is most often a sign of infection but can be present when there is tissue destruction, as, for example, from a severe burn or when large amounts of tissue have died because of lack of blood supply. Fever is a highly significant indicator of disease.

The pulse rate is important information. The heart rate varies with the level of physical activity: the heart beats are faster during exercise and more slowly during rest. An abnormal pulse or heart rate may indicate a disease. The heart rate increases in the feverish patient. A weak, rapid pulse rate may be a sign of severe blood loss or of disease within the heart itself. Irregularity of the pulse is an important indicator of heart malfunction.

The respiratory rate (rate of breathing) is modified by disease. Persons with fever have an increased respiratory rate, which serves to lower body temperature.

Temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate – called the vital signs — may be important manifestations of disease. A fourth vital sign, blood pressure, is equally significant. Among other things, it indicates the amount of blood in circulation.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-25