Table of contents 2 страница

Spiders............................................................................................................................................ 119

Centipedes and Millipedes.............................................................................................................. 119

Bees, Wasps, and Hornets............................................................................................................. 119

Ticks................................................................................................................................................ 119

LEECHES.......................................................................................................................................... 120

BATS.................................................................................................................................................. 120

POISONOUS SNAKES.................................................................................................................... 120

Snake-Free Areas........................................................................................................................... 121

DANGEROUS LIZARDS.................................................................................................................. 122

Gila Monster.................................................................................................................................... 122

Mexican Beaded Lizard.................................................................................................................. 122

Komodo Dragon.............................................................................................................................. 122

DANGERS IN RIVERS..................................................................................................................... 122

Electric Eel...................................................................................................................................... 122

Piranha............................................................................................................................................ 122

Turtle............................................................................................................................................... 122

Platypus.......................................................................................................................................... 122

DANGERS IN BAYS AND ESTUARIES.......................................................................................... 123

SALTWATER DANGERS................................................................................................................. 123

Fish Dangerous to Handle, Touch, or Contact............................................................................... 123

Animals and Fish Poisonous to Eat................................................................................................ 124

Other Dangerous Sea Creatures.................................................................................................... 124

CHAPTER 12 - FIELD-EXPEDIENT WEAPONS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT................................ 126

CLUBS............................................................................................................................................... 126

Simple Club..................................................................................................................................... 126

Weighted Club................................................................................................................................. 126

Sling Club........................................................................................................................................ 127

EDGED WEAPONS.......................................................................................................................... 128

Knives............................................................................................................................................. 128

Spear Blades................................................................................................................................... 130

Arrow Points.................................................................................................................................... 130

OTHER EXPEDIENT WEAPONS.................................................................................................... 131

Throwing Stick................................................................................................................................ 131

Archery Equipment......................................................................................................................... 131

Bola................................................................................................................................................. 132

LASHING AND CORDAGE.............................................................................................................. 133

Natural Cordage Selection.............................................................................................................. 133

Lashing Material.............................................................................................................................. 133

RUCKSACK CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................... 133

Horseshoe Pack............................................................................................................................. 134

Square Pack................................................................................................................................... 134

CLOTHING AND INSULATION....................................................................................................... 135

Parachute Assembly....................................................................................................................... 135

Animal Skins................................................................................................................................... 135

Plant Fibers..................................................................................................................................... 135

COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS.............................................................................................. 135

Bowls............................................................................................................................................... 135

Forks, Knives, and Spoons............................................................................................................. 136

Pots................................................................................................................................................. 136

Water Bottles................................................................................................................................... 136

CHAPTER 13 - DESERT SURVIVAL.................................................................................................. 137

TERRAIN........................................................................................................................................... 137

Mountain Deserts............................................................................................................................ 137

Rocky Plateau Deserts................................................................................................................... 137

Sandy or Dune Deserts.................................................................................................................. 138

Salt Marshes................................................................................................................................... 138

Broken Terrain................................................................................................................................ 138

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS........................................................................................................ 138

Low Rainfall.................................................................................................................................... 138

Intense Sunlight and Heat............................................................................................................... 138

Wide Temperature Range.............................................................................................................. 139

Sparse Vegetation........................................................................................................................... 139

High Mineral Content...................................................................................................................... 140

Sandstorms..................................................................................................................................... 140

Mirages........................................................................................................................................... 140

NEED FOR WATER......................................................................................................................... 141

HEAT CASUALTIES......................................................................................................................... 142

Heat Cramps................................................................................................................................... 143

Heat Exhaustion.............................................................................................................................. 143

Heat Stroke..................................................................................................................................... 143

PRECAUTIONS................................................................................................................................ 143

DESERT HAZARDS......................................................................................................................... 143

CHAPTER 14 - TROPICAL SURVIVAL............................................................................................... 145

TROPICAL WEATHER..................................................................................................................... 145

JUNGLE TYPES............................................................................................................................... 145

Tropical Rain Forests...................................................................................................................... 146

Secondary Jungles......................................................................................................................... 146

Semievergreen Seasonal and Monsoon Forests........................................................................... 146

Tropical Scrub and Thorn Forests.................................................................................................. 147

Tropical Savannas.......................................................................................................................... 147

Saltwater Swamps.......................................................................................................................... 147

Freshwater Swamps....................................................................................................................... 147

TRAVEL THROUGH JUNGLE AREAS........................................................................................... 148

IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................... 148

WATER PROCUREMENT............................................................................................................... 149

Animals as Signs of Water.............................................................................................................. 149

Water From Plants.......................................................................................................................... 149

Vines............................................................................................................................................... 149

Roots............................................................................................................................................... 149

Palm Trees...................................................................................................................................... 150

Water From Condensation.............................................................................................................. 150

FOOD................................................................................................................................................ 150

POISONOUS PLANTS..................................................................................................................... 151

CHAPTER 15 - COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL................................................................................... 152

COLD REGIONS AND LOCATIONS............................................................................................... 152

Wet Cold Weather Environments................................................................................................... 152

Dry Cold Weather Environments.................................................................................................... 152

WINDCHILL....................................................................................................................................... 153

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL................................................................ 154

HYGIENE.......................................................................................................................................... 155

MEDICAL ASPECTS........................................................................................................................ 155

COLD INJURIES............................................................................................................................... 155

Hypothermia................................................................................................................................... 155

Frostbite.......................................................................................................................................... 156

Trench Foot and Immersion Foot................................................................................................... 157

Dehydration..................................................................................................................................... 157

Cold Diuresis................................................................................................................................... 157

Sunburn........................................................................................................................................... 157

Snow Blindness............................................................................................................................... 157

Constipation.................................................................................................................................... 158

Insect Bites...................................................................................................................................... 158

SHELTERS........................................................................................................................................ 158

Snow Cave Shelter......................................................................................................................... 159

Snow Trench Shelter...................................................................................................................... 160

Snow Block and Parachute Shelter................................................................................................ 160

Snow House or Igloo....................................................................................................................... 161

Lean-To Shelter.............................................................................................................................. 161

Fallen Tree Shelter.......................................................................................................................... 161

Tree-Pit Shelter............................................................................................................................... 161

20-Man Life Raft............................................................................................................................. 162

FIRE................................................................................................................................................... 162

WATER.............................................................................................................................................. 163

FOOD................................................................................................................................................ 164

Fish.................................................................................................................................................. 164

Sea Ice Animals.............................................................................................................................. 164

Plants.............................................................................................................................................. 165

TRAVEL............................................................................................................................................. 166

WEATHER SIGNS............................................................................................................................ 166

Wind................................................................................................................................................ 166

Clouds............................................................................................................................................. 167

Smoke............................................................................................................................................. 167

Birds and Insects............................................................................................................................. 167

Low-Pressure Front........................................................................................................................ 167

CHAPTER 16 - SEA SURVIVAL.......................................................................................................... 168

THE OPEN SEA................................................................................................................................ 168

Precautionary Measures................................................................................................................. 168

Down at Sea................................................................................................................................... 168

Cold Weather Considerations......................................................................................................... 174

Hot Weather Considerations........................................................................................................... 175

Raft Procedures.............................................................................................................................. 175

Sailing Rafts.................................................................................................................................... 180

Water............................................................................................................................................... 181

Food Procurement.......................................................................................................................... 182

Medical Problems Associated With Sea Survival.......................................................................... 184

Sharks............................................................................................................................................. 185

Detecting Land................................................................................................................................ 186

Rafting or Beaching Techniques.................................................................................................... 187

Swimming Ashore........................................................................................................................... 187

Pickup or Rescue........................................................................................................................... 188

SEASHORES.................................................................................................................................... 188

Special Health Hazards.................................................................................................................. 188

Food................................................................................................................................................ 189

CHAPTER 17 - EXPEDIENT WATER CROSSINGS.......................................................................... 191

RIVERS AND STREAMS................................................................................................................. 191

RAPIDS............................................................................................................................................. 192

RAFTS............................................................................................................................................... 194

Brush Raft....................................................................................................................................... 194

Australian Poncho Raft................................................................................................................... 195

Poncho Donut Raft......................................................................................................................... 196

Log Raft.......................................................................................................................................... 197

FLOTATION DEVICES..................................................................................................................... 197

OTHER WATER OBSTACLES........................................................................................................ 198

VEGETATION OBSTACLES............................................................................................................ 198

CHAPTER 18 - FIELD-EXPEDIENT DIRECTION FINDING.............................................................. 200

USING THE SUN AND SHADOWS................................................................................................ 200

Shadow-Tip Methods...................................................................................................................... 200

The Watch Method......................................................................................................................... 201

USING THE MOON.......................................................................................................................... 202

USING THE STARS......................................................................................................................... 202

The Northern Sky........................................................................................................................... 202

The Southern Sky........................................................................................................................... 203

MAKING IMPROVISED COMPASSES........................................................................................... 204

OTHER MEANS OF DETERMINING DIRECTION........................................................................ 204

CHAPTER 19 - SIGNALING TECHNIQUES....................................................................................... 206

APPLICATION................................................................................................................................... 206

MEANS FOR SIGNALING............................................................................................................... 206

Visual Signals.................................................................................................................................. 206

Audio Signals.................................................................................................................................. 211

CODES AND SIGNALS.................................................................................................................... 211

SOS................................................................................................................................................ 211

Ground-to-Air Emergency Code.................................................................................................... 212

Body Signals................................................................................................................................... 212

Panel Signals.................................................................................................................................. 212

Aircraft Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. 213

AIRCRAFT VECTORING PROCEDURES..................................................................................... 214

CHAPTER 20 - SURVIVAL MOVEMENT IN HOSTILE AREAS........................................................ 215

PHASES OF PLANNING.................................................................................................................. 215

Contingency Plan of Action (CPA)................................................................................................. 215

Standing Operating Procedures..................................................................................................... 216

Notification to Move and Avoid Capture......................................................................................... 216

EXECUTION..................................................................................................................................... 216

Hide Site Activities.......................................................................................................................... 217

Hole-Up Areas................................................................................................................................ 218

RETURN TO FRIENDLY CONTROL.............................................................................................. 219

Border Crossings............................................................................................................................ 219

Linkup at the FEBA/FLOT.............................................................................................................. 220

Linkup With Friendly Patrols........................................................................................................... 220

CHAPTER 21 - CAMOUFLAGE........................................................................................................... 221

PERSONAL CAMOUFLAGE........................................................................................................... 221

Shape and Outline.......................................................................................................................... 221

Color and Texture........................................................................................................................... 221

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23