Speaking

Mind

Con·scious·ness

n

1. the state of being awake and aware of what is going on around you

2. somebody’s mind and thoughts

3. the set of opinions, feelings, and beliefs of a group

4. awareness of or sensitivity to issues in a particular field

5. the part of the human mind that is aware of the feelings, thoughts, and surroundings

n

1. the center of consciousness that generates thoughts, feelings, ideas, and perceptions and stores knowledge and memories

2. the capacity to think, understand, and reason (often used in combination)

3. concentration, or the ability to concentrate

4. an opinion or personal way of thinking about something

5. the state of thought or feeling that is regarded as normal

6. the desire or intention to act or behave in a specified way

7. somebody considered in terms of his or her intellect or intelligence

8. a pattern of thinking or feeling that is typical of a particular group

9. in the philosophy of Descartes, all things that are not matter

(Dictionary. In Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2002. [CD-ROM].Microsoft Corporation.)

Mind, the mental activities and memory of a person. The mind includes both conscious thoughts and unconscious activity such as dreaming. The human identity can be viewed as being made of mind and body. Many philosophies and religions also recognize another aspect of identity, the soul.

(Mind. In Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2002. [CD-ROM].Microsoft Corporation.)

(Longman advanced American dictionary. (2000) Edinburgh Gate Harlow: Pearson Education Limited)

(b) Read the sentences below, identify the meanings of the bold words and complete the chart, writing the number of the appropriate meaning from the dictionary entries presented above in the corresponding column. (PD stands for psychology dictionary, ED – Encarta dictionary, EE – Encarta encyclopedia, LD – Longman dictionary). Translate the sentences into Russian.

sentences	PD	ED	EE	LD
1. Psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious and unconscious mental states.
2. A patient who is not fully conscious should never be left alone.
3. I made a conscious effort to get there on time.
4. They have become increasingly health-conscious.
5. She's very conscious of the problems involved.
6. David lost consciousness and had to be taken to the hospital.
7. The march is intended to raise people’s consciousness about women’s health issues.
8. Yoga can have the effect of broadening your consciousness.
9. At the end of the last century, psychology concerned itself mainly with the study of mind and consciousness through introspection, the description of experience.
10. Our subconscious mind tries to protect us.
11. I don’t really have a scientific mind.
12. She was one of the greatest minds of her generation.
13. Here are some important points to keep in mind.
14. Try to keep an open mind until you’ve heard all the facts.
15. The mind - body problem in the modern era was given its definitive shape by Descartes.
16. Psychology is the study of the nature, functions, and phenomena of behaviour and mental experience.
17. Numerous advances have been made in areas such as the treatment of mental illness through the interchange of ideas of psychology and biological sciences.
18. The experience caused her huge amounts of mental suffering.
19. The analysis of dreams can reveal details of a person's mental state.
20. Do you have a mental picture of what it will look like?
21. I must make a mental note to talk to her about it.

Task 22. [individually]

Translate the following into English using words and expressions you have learned in this unit.

1. Подход Декарта к пониманию человеческого поведения основывался на допущении, что психическая деятельность человека является результатом взаимовлияния разума и тела.

2. Мы можем объективно изучать психические процессы, концентрируясь на конкретных поведенческих актах, но интерпретируя их посредством лежащих в их основе психических процессов.

3. Они пытались дать определение психологии через определение ее областей исследования.

4. Психология возникла как независимая дисциплина в 1879 году.

5. Философы 17 века ввели в употребление понятие дуализма, согласно которому под духом понимались мысли и чувства, а под материей – наше физическое тело.

6. Веками философы и ученые интересовались природой духа и души.

7. Психология принадлежит к гуманитарным или социальным наукам?

8. Он утверждал, что если психология претендует на статус науки, ее предмет должен поддаваться прямому наблюдению.

9. Этот вопрос вызвал оживленную полемику.

10. В данной статье мы рассмотрим ключевые проблемы формулировки исчерпывающего определения психологии.

11. В конце прошлого века психология занималась изучением мышления и сознания при помощи интроспекции.

DISCUSSION

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