Types of terrorism

Civil Disorders – A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community.

Political Terrorism – Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.

Non-Political Terrorism – Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits “conscious design to create and maintain high degree of fear for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective.”

Quasi-Terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction.

Limited Political Terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the State.

Official or State Terrorism –“referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

Terrorism is currently, and has been historically, an important issue in politics around the world. Parties on the right of the political spectrum are usually more security focused than parties on the left. It is therefore perceived that terrorist threats or acts are beneficial to the electoral results of the right wing parties.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1. What do most common definitions of terrorism include?

2. Why is it difficult to give the only right definition of terrorism?

3. How did a UNSC report describe terrorism in November 2004?

4. What are some of the key criteria of terrorism?

5. Why do you think a terrorist attack has a great psychological impact and fear on people?

6. Why is terrorism considered a political tactic?

7. What is the distinctive nature of terrorism?

8. What does disguise have in common with terrorists?

9. How many types of terrorism can you mention?

10. How can you define “civil disorder”?

11. What is quasi-terrorism?

12. How is terrorism and politics related to each other?

13. What is the so-called “Reign of Terror”?

Exercise 4. Find the English equivalents in the text:

· нетрадиционные приёмы веде-ния войны;

· психологические приёмы веде-ния войны;

· отличается от;

· с целью устрашения населения;

· угроза насилия;

· никакие другие средства;

· криминальный умысел;

· почти без исключения;

· вызывать (порождать) страх;

· для достижения политических целей;

· террористические угрозы и акты;

· относится к дате

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27