Exercise 4. Use dictionary and translate the first two paragraphs. National identity

The Kazakh people have a long tradition of peace, tolerance and co-existence. Children learn hospitality and respect from a very young age, and this is reflected in the wonderful hospitality offered to all guests and travelers. If you come to a Kazakh home unexpected you will be received as if you had been invited. Since early childhood principles of respect of guests and older people as well as peacefulness and tolerance are instilled in every Kazakh and these are the national features of Kazakh culture and tradition. This is why Kazakhstan never had any national or religious conflicts in its history. Traditionally every guest is offered national Kazakh cuisine at the dastarkhan (the low table) in a yurt.

In the Kazakh society, there is an unofficial law voiced in ancient times. It says “Meet a guest as a God's messenger”.

The yurt is one of the most sensible movable house. It is a comfortable and practical home, ideally suited to the local conditions and way of life – one of the greatest inventions of Eurasian nomads.

It is easily taken apart (it is said that a Kazakh woman can do it in half an hour) and carried on horses and camels. The yurt consists of three main elements: an extensible trellis base (the kerege), a dome made of poles (the uyk) and a round top (the shanyrak).

In ancient times Turks were reputed as the most skillful felt-makers. Nowadays the Kazakhs use felt to cover the yurt and for its internal decoration, as well as to make carpets, dresses and shoes. The Kazakhs live in surrounded with ornaments. They richly decorate their yurts with wall carpets and multi-colored embroideries.

The Kazakhs love the art of words and their akyns (poets), who improvise at public competitions (aitys) accompanied by national stringed musical instruments: the dombra or the kobyz.

National games: these are usually performed on horse-back and are an opportunity to witness the Kazakh's outstanding riding skills. Kazaksha kures (Kazakh wrestling), baiga (horse racing over 25, 50 or 100 km), kokpar (a sort of polo game played with a dead goat), kyz-kuu (catch the girl) and alty bakan (six-pole swing).

Exercise 5 Answer the following questions

a) What are the main national features of Kazakh people?

b) What does an unofficial law of ancient times mean: “Meet a guest as a God's messenger”?

c) What are the yurts used for nowadays?

d) How are the yurts decorated?

e) What about do Kazakh akyns (poets) say at public competitions (aitys)?

Exercise 6 Read the poem and summarize it.

byMohan Rana

I saw the stars far off -
as far as I from them:
in this moment I saw them -
in moments of the twinkling past.
In the boundless depths of darkness,these hours
hunt the morning through the night.

And I can't make up my mind:
am I living this life for the first time?
Or repeating it, forgetting as I live
the first moment of breath every time?

Do dreams ask questions about sleep as I do?

I walked a long, long way
and when I saw, I saw the stars close by.

Today it rained all day long and the words

Exercise 7 There is a saying in English: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”

What does it mean?Do you have a similar saying in your language?

Exercise 8 Discuss these points in groups. Do you have a similar manner in your country?

1. Most South Americans and Mexicans like to stand very close to the person they’re talking to. You shouldn’t back away.

2. In America you should eat your hamburgers with both hands and ask quickly as possible. You shouldn’t try to have a conversation until it is eaten.

3. In many Asia cultures, it is acceptable to smack your lips when you eat. It means that the food are good.

Exercise 9 Answer the following questions using modal verbs: Must/mustn’t, should/shouldn’t and have to / don’t have to.

a) Do young people have to wear traditional clothes in wedding ceremony?

b) What advice can you give somebody coming to your country?

c) Think of one or two examples of bad manners in your country.

For example, in Britain it is considered impolite to ask people how much they earn.

Exercise 10 “Manners or the law?” Find out the mistakes (1 or 2) in each sentences.

a) In France you shouldn’t sit down in a café until you’ve shakeen hands with everyone you know.

b) In India and the Middle East, you must never use the left hand for greting, eating or drinkking.

c) In China, your host will keep refiling your dish unless you lay your chopstiks across your bowl.

d) In Russia, you must match your hosts drink for drink or they will think you unfriendli.

e) In Ireland, social events sometimes end with singging and dancing. You may be asked to sing.

Exercise 11 Compare with the partner. Then make sentences with…

You should / shouldn’t…..(for manners) Eg. Switch off your mobile phone in class.

You have to / mustn’t…. (for the law) Eg. You have to Switch off your mobile phone on a plane.

a) Play noisy games on a mobile phone in public.

b) Send text messages when your is stopped at traffic lights.

c) Use a hand-held mobile while driving a car.

d) Use your mobile at a petrol station.

e) You shouldn’t make very personal calls in public.

f)

Exercise 12 Using the words in brackets describe the yurt ( practical home, consists of, the kerege, the uyk,

a round top -the shanyrak, ornaments, to decorate, wall carpets)

1.You _____ drive if you’ve been drinking.

a) doesn’t have to

b) mustn’t to

c) don’t have to

d) mustn’t

2. You _____ remember to write the report. The boss will be furious I you forget.

a) mustn’t

b) don’t have

c) could

d) must

1. I think the government ______ more to improve education.

a) should do

b) must do

c) may do

d) can do

4. I think people who live in flats _____ have dogs.

a) should

b) mustn’t

c) shouldn’t

d) don’t have to

GLOSSARY

English	Russain	Kazakh
accumulate [əˈkjuːmjʊleɪt]	накапливать; собирать	жинақтау, жинау
descendants [dɪˈsɛndənt]	отпрыск, потомок	ұрпақ
hospitality [hɔspɪˈtælɪtɪ]	гостеприимство, радушие	қонақжайлы
society [səˈsaɪətɪ]	общество	қоғам, қауым
be considered [kənˈsɪdəd]	рассматриваться, полагать, считать	есептеу, санау
honesty [ˈɔnɪstɪ]	правдивость, искренность	адал, шыншылдық
guest [gest]	гость	қонақ
identity [aɪˈdentɪtɪ]	особенность, подлинность	ерекшелігі
occurrence[əˈkʌrəns]	инцидент, происшествие	қолайсыз жағдай
widespread [ˈwaɪdspred]	широко распространённый	әлемге әйгілі

SIW № 4

Learn by heart the poem by Mohan Rana

SIW № 5

Read, translate the article and do the tasks to the text (a, b, c, d) “Modern manners”[2.pp.24]

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