Text B

VI. Reading.

V. Oral Practice.

Exercise 9. Look through the text A once more and give the main points of the text.

IV. Comprehension.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions:

1. Is engineering a science?

2. How can we translate the word <engineering>? What are the Ukrainian equivalents for this term?

3. What do civil engineers deal with?

4. What are the main subdivisions in the field of civil engineering?

5. What do mechanical engineers deal with?

6. What knowledge is necessary for a mechanical engineering?

7. What are the four main branches of electrical engineering?

8. What are the major developments in the field of communication systems?

9. What are the major developments in the field of computer engineering?

10. What is aerospace engineering concerned with?

11. What do naval architects design?

12. What is marine engineering devoted to?

13. What is the task of chemical engineers?

14. What is nuclear engineering concerned with?

15. What does mechanical engineering cover?

Exercise 10. Speak on the following problems:

· the most important branch of engineering;

· specialists working in different branches of engineering.

· Machine-tool building and metal working industries.

Exercise 11. Complete the table. Use the information from the text A:

Exercise 12. Compare the branches of engineering. What is common?

And What is different?

Exercise 13. Speak on the topic “ What is engineering?”. Use the table of ex. 11 as a plan.

Exercise 14. Read the text B without a dictionary and say what problems are mentioned in the text:

TRENDS IN THE MODERN MACHINE-
BUILDING INDUSTRY

The scientific and technological progress will continue in engineering along two main headlines. Firstly, it is automation, including the creation of "unmanned" industries. Secondly, raising the reliability and extending the service life of machines.

This certainly requires new technology. The machine modules on a large scale are well suited for "unmanned" industries.

Intense work is being carried out on new robots. What we need is not merely manipulators which can take up a workpiece and pass it on, but robots which can identify objects, their position in space, etc.

We also need machines that would trace the entire process of machining. Some have been designed and are manufactured. Modern engineering thinking has created new automated coal-digging complexes and machine systems, installations for the continuous casting of steel, machine-tools for electrophysical and electrochemical treatment of metals, unique welding equipment, automatic rotor transfer lines and machine-tool modules for flexible industries.

New technologies and equipment have been designed for most branches of engineering.

In the shortest time possible the engineers are to start producing new generations of machines and equipment which would allow manufacturers to increase productivity several times and to find a way for the application of advanced technologies.

Large reserves in extending service life for machines can be found in the process of designing. At present, advanced methods have been evolved for designing machines proceeding from a number of criteria. Automatic design systems allow for an optimizing of the solutions in design and technology when new machines are still in the blueprint stage.

A promising reserve in increasing the life of pans is strengthening treatment. In recent years new highly efficient methods have been round.

First and foremost of them is the vacuum plasma methods for coating components with hard alloy compounds, such as nitrides and carbides of titanium, tungsten and boron. Methods have been designed for reinforcing machine parts most vulnerable to wear and tear, such as in grain harvesters, to make them last several times longer.

Thus, it is not merely quantity engineers and scientists are after, rather it is a matter of major characteristics. In other words, this is a matter of quality, and not of the mere number of new machines, apparatuses and materials.

Дата добавления: 2015-03-29