Наречия времени в Present Perfect

The Present Perfect

Урок VIII

Present Perfectупотребляется для выражения
1) действия, которое произошло (или не произошло) к моменту речи (before now) в неопределенное время в прошлом.	Jim hasalreadyeaten lunch. Ann hasn’t eatenlunch yet. Haveyou ever eaten at that restaurant? I’venever eatenthere.
2) действий, которые повторялись несколько или много раз в прошлом. Точное вре-мя не определено.	Pete has eatenat that restaurant many times. I’ve beento that theatre five or six times. I’ve hadthree tests so far this week.
3) действий, которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются до сих пор. В этом случае употребляются союзы since(c, с тех пор) или for (в течение – указывает на продолжительность времени).	Jane has lived in this city since 1989. I have knownBen for ten years. We’ve beenfriends since we were at university.
Сочетание этих двух элементов (законченность действия, его результативность, подведение итога иточка зрениясегодня-шнего дня того лица, которое пользуется глаголом в Present Perfect) надо всё время иметь в виду.

Already	уже	never	никогда
just	только что	yet	ещё нет
ever	когда либо	lately	в последнее время
		so far	до сих пор, пока ещё

G

Наречия already, just, ever, never употребляются после have

I have just met Ann

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в Present Perfect и обратите внимание на его значение:

Образец: (I, meet) I’ve (I have) met Ann’s husband. I met him at a party last week.

1. (I, finish) … my work. I finished it two hours ago.

2. (They, know) Bob and Jane are old friends. … each other for a long time.

3. (it, be) I don’t like this weather. … cold and cloudy for a long time.

4. (you, learn) Your English is getting better. … a lot of English since you came here.

5. (we, be) My parents and I came here two months ago. … in this city for two months.

6. (he, finish) Peter can go to bed now. … his homework.

7. (she, be) Mary is at home in bed. … sick (ill) for three days.

8. (she, be) Kate is falling behind in her schoolwork. … absent from class a lot lately.

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в Present Perfect или в Past Simple (если действие имело место в какой-то конкретный период в прошлом).

Образец: А.: Have you ever been in Europe?

B: Yes, I have. I (be) have been in Europe several times. In fact, I (be) was there last year.

1. A: Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed?

B: I (finish, already) … it. I (finish) my work two hours ago.

2. А.: Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today?

В.: No. He (eat, already) …. He (eat) … lunch an hour ago.

3. А.: Do you and Erica want to go to the movie with us tonight?

В.: …, thanks. We (see, already) … it. We (see) … it last week.

4. А.: … When are you going to write your paper on history?

В.:… I (write, already) … it. I (write) … it two days ago.

5. А.: When is Jane going to call her parents and tell them about her engagement?

В.: … She (call, already) … them. She (call) … them last night.

6. А.: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’m finished?

В.: Thanks, but I (read, already) … it. I (read) … it a couple of months ago.

Дата добавления: 2015-03-29