Verb forming suffixes

Language Study

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

I know quite a lot of people here.	Present Simple	Simple Past	He said that he (1)….. quite a lot of people there.
John is feeling much better.	Present Continuous	Past Continuous	He said that John (2)… much better.
I enjoyed my holiday in the States.	Simple Past	Past Perfect	He said that he (3) ….. his holiday in the States.
Jackie wasn’t feeling very well.	Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	He said that Jackie (4)… very well.
They’ve seen the Eiffel Tower	Present Perfect	Past Perfect	He said that they… the Eiffel Tower.
I’ve been waiting for ages.	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	He said that he (6)….. for ages.
Nobody had warned them about the storm.	Past Perfect	Past Perfect	He said that nobody (7) …. them about the storm.
I’d been waiting to see you.	Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	He said that he (8) …. to see me.
Will, can, may, shall, must, this, today, tomorrow, here.	Other Changes	Other Changes	(9) …………………..

1. There are four verb-forming suffixes in English: -ize / ise, -ate, -fy, -en. All have meaning “ to make”, “to perform”.

e.g. centralize, apologize, organize

calculate, concentrate, demonstrate

classify, simplify, dignify

happen, widen, lighten

2. Most of the verbs are used in scientific, technical and political texts.

e.g. The conference hall can accomodate 800 delegates and 500 observers and it has complete facilities for simultaneous interpretation into 6 languages.

Ex. 23. Give the meaning of the verbs with the help of a dictionary.

Dictate, translate, create, demonstrate, separate, communicate, celebrate, illustrate, regulate, imitate, isolate; modify, electrify, justify, unify, satisfy.

Mystify, horrify; realize, criticize, generalize, memorize, modernize, specialize, americanize, systematize, subsidize; deepen, shorten, weaken, threaten, strengthen, frighten, sharpen, soften, brighten.

Ex. 24. Translate the sentences.

1. The coming exams frighten me.

2. I went to the Railway Buffet and fortified myself with a cold sausage roll and a cup of coffee.

3. Making use of self-service shops economizes the customer much time.

4. The company will operate the Riviera Bay Resort in Malaka.

5. After 1965 the small Chinese city-state was dominated by too large Muslims neighbours, Malaysia and Indonesia.

6. Said to originate from intermarrying with the Indonesians who began migrating to the Philippines in 3000 BC and the Malays who arrived somewhere between 300-200 BC, the Mansaka now practice traditional Catholicism mixed with indigenous beliefs.

7. Now several International Airlines fly to Ho Chi Minh City, formely Saigon, and the tourists can scramble through the Yietcongs secret network of tunnels which have been specially widened for broad-bottomed westerners.

Ex. 25. Give English equivalents to the Russian verbs.

· fy: упрощать, очищать, означать, ратифицировать, классифицировать, квалифицировать, олицетворять.

· ate: переводить, диктовать, праздновать, вести переговоры, накоплять, участвовать, дебатировать, регулировать.

· ize: автоматизировать, популяризировать, гармонировать, характеризовать, национализировать, экономить, суммировать.

· en: углублять, расширять, ослаблять, смягчать, чернить, толстеть, ухудшать, уменьшать, угрожать, обострять, усиливать.

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