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bare adj

1.not clothed or covered (usu. about some part of the body), as bare feet/ legs/ shoulders, etc. She felt the sun warm on her bare arms.

Syn.naked - having no clothes on: Victorine was shocked when she learned she would have to sit for the painter quite naked.

barefoot adj predict, adv -with bare feet, without shoes and stockings: Children like to run barefoot.

bare-legged / armed adj - with bare legs (arms): She had a bare-legged baby in her arms

bare-headed adj - without a hat: It 's already too cold to go bare-headed.

2.empty, without the appropriate or usual covering or contents, e.g. a bare room (with little or no furniture), bare walls (without pictures or wallpaper), bare trees (without leaves), bare facts (only facts: nothing but facts): She looked round her tiny bare room.

a bare room (no furniture)

an empty room (no people)

a vacant room (a room in which either no one is living at present or no one is working: a room which can be occupied): After the piano was taken out. the room seemed quite bare. I thought I heard voices in the next room, but itwasempty. "Won't you look for a vacant room in which we could have a consultation'.''"- "I'm told that all the rooms are occupied".

the bare bones - the most important parts or facts of sth without any detail: We have outlined only the bare bones of the method

to lay sth bare - to make known sth that wassecret: historical writings which laid bare the true nature of the event

to refuse v. t/i- to say or show that one is unwilling to do or accept sth: She refused my offer.

Syn. to reject - to say firmly that one will not accept an offer, a suggestion, someone's friendship etc.: They have until December 19 to accept or reject the proposal.

to turn down (informal) -to reject: You'd be stupid to turn down such a good job offer.

to decline - to say politely that one cannot or will not accept sth: I'm sorry, but I'll have to decline the invitation.

Note: In the meaning of sacrificing sth., parting with sth., the English verb to give up is used: He gave up the idea of going there. Roger promised to give up smoking, but he didn't keep his promise.

refusal n - an act of saying or showing that one will not do, accept, or allow sth: He answered her invitation with a cold refusal.

like adj -similar in some way: They are as like as two peas.

like prep adv

1. similar in some way to sth or sb else: I can't do it like you

.

2. typical of a particular person or thing: It's not like Dad to be late.

What is sb/sth like? used when asking someone to describe sth or to give one's opinion:

What is he like? (= What sort of person is he ?)

What does he look like? (= What kind of appearance has he got?)

to look like - to have the appearance of sb/sth: It looks like gold

Note: to act like means to do sth in the same way or in the manner of other people, e.g. She can play like a real pianist: to act as means acting in the capacity of sb. e.g. Some of our students work as guides during the summer:

there's nothing like - used to say that a particular thing is very enjoyable: There's nothing like a nice cup of teal

alike adj predic -almost exactly the same; similar: The houses in this street are alike. (= The houses in this street are like those in the next street.)

likeness n - resemblance: I cannot see much likeness between the twins

unlike adj - dissimilar or different from each other: She was unlike all other girls.

unlike prep

1.completely different from another person or thing: Unlike other girls she was not at all talkative.

2.not typical of someone: It's unlike Judy to leave us without telling us.

serve v, t/i

1.to perform duties or services for: He serves as gardener (no article!).

2.to be of use in fulfilling (a purpose): The sofa had to serve as a bed.

3.to present food or drink to; to work as a waiter: The waiter served the soup. Dinner is served.

4.to attend to (a customer in a shop): There was no one in the shop to serve me.

5.to be employed as a member of the armed forces: He served three years in the navy.

to serve sb right- to be someone's deserved punishment or misfortune: 'She kicked me!' 'Serves you right, teasing her like that.'

to serve one's/no purpose - to be (not) useful: A large cardboard box will serve the purpose

to serve with the same source - to return like for like (відплатити тією ж монетою): He will understand he is mistaken the day he is served with the same source.

No man can serve two masters - proverb

service n

1.a period of employment with the organization: He retired after 25 years of service to the company.

2.the organized supply of sth needed: The service was terrible, and so was the food

3.an act of assistance: I did her a service by telling her the truth

4.(pi!) work done for money: Why don't you offer your services as a tennis coach?⁷

5.duty, as jury/military/community etc service Her attacker was sentenced to 120 hours community service

6.a religious ceremony, as the Sunday/marriage/funeral/christening etc service: The service was held in the chapel.

to be at someone's service - to be at one's disposal: My room is at your service.

to be of service - to be of help/use: Can I be of any service?

to be in/out of service - (not) available for use: The escalator is still out of service.

to take sb into one's service = to take sb on - to hire sb: Think twice before you take him into your service.

serviceman / woman n - a person serving in the armed forces

obey v t/i

1.to submit to the authority of: Children must obey grown-ups.

But: слухатися поради- to follow one's advice

2.to carry out (an order / a command / the law / rules) Soldiers must obey orders.

Ant. to disobey

obedience n - when someone does what they are told to do. or what the law, rule etc says they must do: Parents demand obedience from their children Ant. Disobedience

in obedience to sth - He lived in obedience to the church's teachings.

blind / unquestioning / complete obedience - obedience without any thought

obedien t adj- willing to obey an order or submit to another's authority: He is an obedient boy.

Ant. disobedient, naughty (of a child)

do(did,done) v,t/i

1.to perform or carry out (an action) as to do one's work, duty, shopping, morning exercises, etc.

to do a sum She was good at doing sums.

to do one's best: I must do my best to help him.

2.to have a specified result or effect: The scandal will do serious damage to his reputation

to do good: his medicine won't do you any good.

to do harm: It will do you more harm than good

.

3.to work on (sth) to bring it to a required state, as to do one's hair (room, bed, etc.).

4.to visit a particular place, especially as a tourist: We often see foreigners in Kyiv doing the sights

5..to be suitable or acceptable: The room will do us quite well. that will (won't) do!

6.to succeed: He did well in the Bureau.

7.to work at for a living or take as one's subject of study: What do you want to do after school? I did French at school.

to do away with sth - to get rid of sth or stop using it: Smoking should be done away with.

to do down - to criticize someone, especially in an unfair way: I know you don't like him, but there is no need to keep doing him down in front of the boss.

to do out (BE) / over (AmE) - to make a place look attractive by decorating: The room was beautifully done out in pastel colours.

to do oneself up - to make oneself look attractive: She spent ages near the mirror doing herself up.

to be done up - to be dressed elaborately: She was done up as if she were invited to the President.

to have to do with sb (sth) - to deal with sb (sth): He has to do with all sorts of people.

Do or die - persist, even if death is the result

Dos and Don'ts - rules of behaviour: The booklet lists the dos and don'ts of caring for dogs.

That'll do! - enough

That does it! - used to say angrily that you will not accept a situation any more: Right that does it! I'm not going to listen to any more of this!

Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. - proverb

What we do willingly we do easy. – proverb

If you want a thing well done, do it yourself. - proverb

Promise little, but do much. - proverb

Handsome is that handsome does. - proverb

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. - proverb

Do at Rome as the Romans do. - proverb

What is done cannot be undone. – proverb

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. - proverb

to make (made, made) v. t/i

1.to produce sth. for example by putting parts together or combining substances: I'm going to show you how to make a box for your tools

2.used with some nouns to say that someone does sth. as to make an arrest / an attempt / a (the) bed / a decision / an effort / a fuss / a joke / a list /a mistake /a phone call / a report/a start/a suggestion

to make oneself at home - used to tell someone who is visiting you that they should relax: Come in and make yourself at home.

to make friends with sb - to become friendly with someone: She easily makes friends.

3.to have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job, use, or purpose: I'm sure she'll make an excellent teacher.

3. to force someone to do sth: We'll have to make him take the medicine

4. to cook or prepare food or drink: When was the last time you made a cake?

5. to cause sth to happen, or cause a particular state or condition: His attitude made him very unpopular with friends.

to make do - to manage with the things one has, even though this is not really enough: I hardly had any food in the house so I just had to make do.

to make oneself heard /understood / known, etc - to succeed in getting someone to hear you, understand you, or know that you are there: I had to shout to make myself heard above the music.

make or break - to be the factor which decides whether sth will succeed or fail: Critics can make or break a young performer.

to make up as a phrasal verb

1. to prepare: Before packing make up a list of things you are going to take.

2.

3. to invent a new story, song, game, etc. by thinking: You are the fool to listen to his story. He has made it all up.

4.

5. to apply cosmetics to: She was so much made up that I didn't recognize her at first.

6. to become friendly with sb again after an argument: I am sorry for what I said let's make up

7.

8. to compensate for. Won't you let me try to make up for all I've failed to do in the past

to make up one's mind - to decide: Have you made up your mind what to do?

to make up for lost time - to work more quickly, or at times when you do not usually work, because sth has prevented you from doing the work before: We rehearsed all day Saturday, to make up for lost time.

make up n - cosmetics applied to the face: The woman uses too much make-up

way n

1.a road, track, path or street: The way we took lay through the forest.

Syn road, path, track

2.a specified direction: Can you show me the way to Trafalgar Square?

WORD CHOICE: way is but seldom used to denote a specially built means of communication between two places, the usual word for which is road; way is more often used to denote direction, e.g. I can show you the way to the nearest village (I e. I can tell you what direction you should take in order to get to the village). But: I can show you a very good road to the village.', path denotes a track made by the feet of people who pass along (стежка) as a path through the woods Of the three synonyms abstract usages are most typical of way, as way to knowledge, way to happiness, etc: path is also sometimes used in such combination, as "The Path of Thunder, dangerous path. etc.

to make one's way - to go towards sth, especially when this is difficult or takes a long time: They made their way through the silent streets of the sleeping city.

to lead the way - to go first along a route to show someone the way: The guide led the way through the forest till we reached a narrow path. This way.please. – Проходьте сюди,будь ласка.

to lose one's way - to become unable to find the way: The children lost their way in the forest.

to be / stand in sb's way - to be blocking a road, someone's path, etc. so that one cannot move forward easily: Let me pass, don't stand in my way.

to be / get out of sb's way - to be/go somewhere where one cannot cause a problem, need attention, be annoying, etc.: I shall get her out for ten minutes, so that you can have the opportunity to settle the matter. Get out of my way!

to have / get one's own way - to do what you want to, even though someone else wants sth different: She likes to have her own way in everything. Have it your own way.

to go out of one's way to do sth - to do sth with more effort than is usual or expected: She went out of her way to make me feel welcome.

on the way - travelling towards a particular place: Let's discuss it on the way home.

by the way - used when saying sth what is not related to the subject you were talking about before: By the way. what was it she told you⁷

(in) one way or another, also one way or the other - used to say that someone does or will do something somehow, although you are not sure how: We'll find the money, one way or another.

in one's own way - to a certain extent: The music was unusual but quite beautiful in its own way.

way out - a way to escape a difficult or bad situation: That seems to me a very good way out.

Where there's a will there's a way – proverb

anxious adj

1.experiencing worry or unease: I am anxious about his health.

Syn. worried, troubled

2.very eager and concerned to do sth: He works hard because he is anxious to succeed.

Syn. eager, keen

anxious to do sth - keen to do sth: The company is anxious to improve its image.

anxiety n

1.the feeling of being very worried about sth: All these anxieties made him look pale and tired.

Syn. worry, concern

2.the feeling of wanting to do sth: That anxiety for truth made Philip rather unpopular with some of his schoolmates.

anxiously adv. She waited anxiously by the phone.

WORD CHOICE: the synonyms to be anxious, to worry, to trouble, to bother. The range of meaning of worry is wide: it can denote emotional states of different intensity whereas its synonyms are narrower in meaning. In the sentence His long absence worried his mother very much worry expresses a strong feeling of anxiety. It is also possible to say: It made her very anxious. The intensity of feeling is slightly weaker here; trouble denotes a still weaker emotion; bother describes rather a state of irritation and dissatisfaction than of anxiety. Sometimes either of the synonyms can be used in one and the same sentence. The difference lies in the intensity of the emotion expressed by each verb, e.g. Don't let that bother you (don't think about it; it is unimportant). Don't let that trouble you (nearly the same, but also: Don't get nervous about it). Don't be anxious about it (The feeling of fear and anxiety is stronger here than in the previous example). Don't let that worry you (don't let that spoil your mood: don't fear that sth bad will happen).

to hold (held, held) v, t/i

1.to have sth in one's hands or arms: She was holding a red rose in her hand.

to hold a meeting - to arrange or to take part in a meeting: A students' meeting was held in our department yesterday.

2.to contain or be capable of containing: How many people will this lecture- hall hold?

3.not to change (of the weather): Will this weather hold⁹

to hold on as a phrasal verb

1.to wait for a short time: Hold on, I'll just get my coat

2.used when one has just noticed, heard or remembered sth interesting or wrong: Hold on a minute! Isn't it your husband's car over there'!'

3.used to ask someone on the telephone to wait: Can you hold on? I'll try to find her.

to hold on to sth - to have one's hands or arms tightly around: Hold on to my arm

hold n - the action of holding sth with one's hands

to have / keep hold of sth - be holding sth: With every minute it became harder and harder to keep hold of the slippery ropes.

to get / take hold of sth - start holding sth: She got hold of the knife and stabbed him.

to catch / grab / seize hold of sth - take hold of sth quickly and firmly: He

nearly fell down, but managed to catch hold of his companion 's arm.

to lose hold of sth - accidentally let go of sth: It wasn't her nature to lose hold of anything she had got hold of.

gossip n

1.[C, U] conversation or information about other people's behaviour and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks: What's the latest gossip?

have a gossip Phil's in there having a gossip with Maggie. \ idle gossip (gossip not based on facts)

2.[C] someone who likes talking about other people's private lives: He is a famous gossip.

to gossip v. i - to spend time talking to someone about other people's behaviour and private lives or about other things that do not concern you (+ about) Julie was gossiping about Jane and Mick's affair

gossipy adj informal

1.a gossipy person likes to gossip.

2.talk or writing that is gossipy, is informal and full of gossip: a long, gossipy letter.

gossip column n [C] - a regular article in a newspaper or magazine about the behaviour and private lives of famous people

steady adj

1.firmly held in a particular position and not moving or shaking: Keep the camera steady while you take a picture. \ a steady hand You need a steady hand for such a delicate job.

2.moving, happening, or developing in a continuous gradual way: a steady decline in manufacturing output \ Paul has made steady progress this year | a steady stream of visitors/enquiries etc: Asteady stream of East Germans making their way through the new gap in the wall. Syn. Constant

3.not changing steady level, speed etc stays about the same: We were driving at a steady 60 mph.

4.someone who is steady is sensible and you can depend on them: a steady worker.

Syn. industrious

steady job / work / income a job or work that will definitely continue over a long period of time

steady boyfriend / girlfriend someone that you have been having a romantic relationship with

steady relationship a serious and strong relationship that continues for a long time

steadily adverb

steadiness noun [U]

to steady v. t/i

1.to hold something steady or make it steady: steady yourself (get back your balance in order to prevent yourself from falling): He tried to steady himself by grabbing the tree.

2.to stop increasing or decreasing and remain about the same: The dollar has steadied after early losses on the money markets

steady your nerves to make yourself calm: She had a brandy to steady her nerves.

steady adv - go steady (with sb) to have a long regular romantic relationship with a boyfriend or girlfriend

steady n [C] - AmE informal a boyfriend or girlfriend that someone has been having a romantic relationship with: Jill is Ray's steady.

spirit n

1.an inner part of someone that includes their thoughts and feelings, and is thought of as making them what they are: His spirit was untamable. \ strong in spirit | independent /proud/ free etc spirit (a person with a particular type of character): a toddler already showing an independent spirit

2.[C] the part of someone that is believed to continue to live after they have died: Although Laurie is dead, I can feel his spirit with me. Syn. soul

3.[C] a dead person who is believed to have returned to this world and has strange or magical powers, syn. ghost): Some people believe that evil spirits can be removed by exorcism.

4(PI!) the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are cheerful or sad. Syn. Mood

5.[C usually PI] especially BrE a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky or brandy

6.the attitude that you have towards something: You've got to approach this meeting in the right spirit. | a true spirit of friendship

7.[U] approving courage, energy, and determination: Our team played with great spirit.

be in good / low spirits - be happy or sad

be in high spirits - be excited: We started our journey in high spirits.

keep sb's spirits up - make sure someone does not become less cheerful)

raise / lift sb's spirits - make someone feel happier and more hopeful: long, hot summer days that lift the spirits

sb's spirits lift / sink - become more or less cheerful: My spirits sank when I saw the mess they'd left.

in spirit you say you will be somewhere in spirit or with someone in spirit, when you cannot be with them but are thinking about them: I can't come to your wedding but I'll be there in spirit.

get into the spirit/enter into the spirit BrE to start to feel as happy, excited etc as the people around you: Judith couldn't really enter into the spirit of the occasion.

fighting spirit - brave determination

break sb's spirit - make someone lose their courage and determination.

that's the spirit spoken used to express approval of someone's behaviour or attitude team / community / public etc. spirit a strong feeling of belonging to a particular group and wanting to help them

the spirit of the age / times the set of ideas, beliefs, and aims that are typical of a particular period in history

when / as the spirit moves you when you feel that you want to do something

to spirit v, t - spirit sb/sth away/off to remove someone or something in a secret or mysterious way: At the end of the press conference Jackson was spirited away through a back door

spirited adj approving, having energy and determination: Raphael is so young and spirited.

a spirited defense/debate: a spirited defense of her decisions

high-spirited, low-spirited, mean-spirited, public-spirited

spiritua l adj

1.connected with your spirit rather than with your body or mind: As a priest I'm responsible for your spiritual welfare. \ spiritual values

2.connected with religion: the spiritual authority of the church

spiritual home a place where you feel you belong because you share the ideas and attitudes of that society

spiritually adv

taste n

1. [Sg, U] the special feeling that is produced by a particular food or drink when you put it in your mouth: Sugar has a sweet taste. | Has the milk gone sour? It's got a funny taste.

2.[U] someone's judgement about what is good or suitable when they choose clothes, music etc: have (good) taste - make good judgements: She has instinctive good taste. | have bad/no taste Mick has really bad taste in clothes

3.[C,U] the type of thing that you tend to like (+ for/in): His tastes in films and books were very different from her own.

have a taste for: I've always had a taste for jazz and blues music.

to sb's taste - in a way that someone likes: She had the whole house redecorated to her taste. \

have no taste for - not like something at all:

1.[Sg.] a small amount of food or drink that you put in your mouth to try it: Have a taste of this soup and see if it needs more salt.

2.[U] the sense by which you know one food from another: You need a good sense of taste to be a chef.

be in bad/poor taste jokes, remarks etc. that are in bad taste are unacceptable, especially because they upset someone: I thought your terrorist joke was in pretty bad taste.

a taste of fame/success etc. a short experience of something that you want more of

leave a bad/nasty taste in your mouth to feel angry or upset as a result of seeing or hearing something unpleasant: The way he spoke to those children left a nasty taste in my mouth.

to taste a phrase meaning as much as is needed to make something taste the way you like, used in instructions for cooking: Add salt and pepper to taste.

an acquired taste something that you like only after you have tried it several times: Olives are something of an acquired taste.

there is no accounting for taste used to say that you do not understand why someone has chosen something: He's so nice -1 don't see why you don't like him. But there's no accounting for taste.

to taste v, t/i

1.to have a particular kind of taste: taste delicious/sweet/fresh etc: The

mangoes tasted delicious. | This wine tastes too acidic. | taste like: This chicken tastes more like turkey. | What does pumpkin taste like? \ taste of: over-ripe cheese tasting of ammonia | sweet-tasting/strong-tasting etc - having a sweet, strong etc taste: strong-tasting coffee

2.to put a small amount of food or drink into your mouth to see what it is like: You'd better taste the soup to see if I put enough salt in it. | Come on, just taste it!

3.to experience the taste of food or drink: I can hardly taste what I'm eating because of my cold.

taste fame/freedom etc to have a short experience of something that you want more of: We had tasted success and wanted more.

WORD CHOICE: taste, try, sample, savour (BrE) / savor (AmE) If you eat or drink a little of something just in order to find out its taste or flavour, you taste it: Have you tasted this wine yet? However, taste is much more often used in other meanings, where you receive the taste of something but do not actively search for it: Can you taste the spices in this dish? | This wine tastes great (NOT This wine is very good taste). In fact most often people use the word try for when they eat or drink something deliberately to see if they like it - not just what it tastes like, but also what it looks like, its smell etc: You must try this wine/our local dishes/the salmon. You may also sample food or drink, that is try just a little, perhaps not a full dish or meal: You'll have a chance to sample all the cheeses of the region. If you spend time enjoying the taste of something you savour it: Here you can relax, chat and savour a variety of local dishes.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-24