Assignments in LDrtting

Письменные задания

Put down the title corresponding thematically to each of the given de­scriptions.

1) Titles: Two-phase System; Single-phase System, Three-phase Sys-

tem; Poly-phase System.

_________________ 1. An a.c. distributing system employing a single

phase at a.c. supplied by the generator;

_________________ 2. An a.c. distributing system utilizing a number

of alternating currents differing in phase;

_________________ 3. An a.c. system employing three alternating cur­
rents of equal strength, differing in phase by
one-third of a cycle; <

_________________ 4. An a.c. system employing two alternating cur­
rents of equal strength, differing in phase by a
quarter cycle, or such that one current has
maximum strength when the other is passing
through zero.

2) Titles: Electric Current; Direct Current; Alternating Current; Con-

tinuous Current.

_________________ 1. A current which always flows in one and the

same direction;

_________________ 2. A flow of passage of electricity along an elec­
tric circuit, usually measured in amperes;

_________________ 3. A current which periodically alternates or re­
verses in direction;

_________________ 4. A current uniform both in strength and in di­
rection. A steady direct current.

3) Titles: Circuit Breaker; Controller; Control Power Switch; Line

Switch.

_________________ 1. A disconnecting or isolating switch in an a.c. or

d.c. circuit;

_________________ 2. A switch used for connecting or disconnecting

the source or control power to and from the control bus or equipment;

_________________ 3. A device for controlling an electric machine or

a circuit (a controlling device);

________________ 4. A device for opening or closing a circuit, either

by hand or automatically, in the case of an overload.

4) Titles: Voltage Balance Relay; Emergency Direct Current Relay; Cur-

rent Balance Relay; Impedance Relay.

_________________ 1. A relay which functions when the circuit im­
pedance increases or decreases to pre­
determined value;

_________________ 2. A relay which operates on a difference in cur­
rent output or output of two circuits;

_________________ 3. A device used to interrupt a direct-current

power circuit under emergency conditions;

_________________ 4. A relay which operates on a difference of volt­
age between two circuits.

5) Titles: Electric Motor; Synchronous Motor; Asynchronous Motor; In-

duction Motor.

__________________ 1. An a.c. motor in which the rotation takes place

in synchronism with the rotating element of the generator supplying the operating current;

________________ 2. A machine for transforming electric power into

utilizable mechanical power;

__________________ 3. An a.c. motor in which the rotation is not syn­
chronous with the rotating element of the gen­
erator supplying the driving current;

__________________ 4. An asynchronous a.c. motor in which the cur­
rent flowing in the winding of the secondary
winding is induced electromagnetically by the
current flowing in the primary one.

6) Titles: Control Power T; Air-blast T; Oil-cooled T.

__________________ 1. A T which is cooled, when operating, by a flow

of oil through its framework;

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_________________ 2. A T which is cooled, when operating, by a blast

of air delivered through its framework;

_________________ 3. A T which serves as the source for a.c. control

power for operating a.c. devices.

7) Titles: Feeder; Commutator; Converter.

_________________ 1. A machine which operates by means of a ro­
tating commutator to convert a.c. into d.c. for
distribution;

_________________ 2. In an electric distributing system, a supply con­
ductor carrying current from a power-house to
main conductors, and not itself connected to
motors, lamps, or translating devices;

_________________ 3. A device for changing the direction of a cur­
rent.

8) Titles: Series Generator; Shunt Generator; Turbo-alternator; Com-

pound Motor.

_________________ 1. A machine which generates an electric current

(usually a dynamo electric generator, both a shunt winding and a series winding are on its field magnets);

_________________ 2. A machine consisting of an a.c. generator

mounted upon the shaft of a steam turbine;

_________________ 3. A generator whose field-magnet winding is

connected in series with or in succession to its armature;

_________________ 4. A generator whose field-magnet winding is

connected in shunt to, or in parallel with its ar­mature.

9) Titles: Conduction; Conductor; Conductivity; Sound; Circuit; Copper;

Silver; Engine.

_________________ 1. A device for converting one form of energy

into another especially for converting other forms of energy into mechanical (i.e. kinetic) energy.

_________________ 2. The transmission of heat from places of higher

to places of lower temperature in a substance.

_________________ ³- ^The reciprocal of the resistivity or specific re­
sistance of a conductor.

_________________ 4. A body capable of carrying an electric current.

_________________ 5. A red metal. It is unaffected by water or steam.

_________________ 6. The complete part with an electric current

across it.

_________________ 7. White, rather soft metal. The best-known con­
ductor of electricity.

_________________ 8. A physiological sensation received by the ear.

It is caused by a vibrating source and transmit­ted as a wave motion through air.

10) Titles: Electric Field; Direct Current; Alternating Current; Electro­magnetic Radiation; Continuous Wave; Electromagnetic Spectrum.

_________________ 1. Radiation consisting of waves of energy asso­
ciated with electric and magnetic fields. This
radiation is emitted by matter in units called
photons.

__________________ 2. The range of frequencies over which electro­
magnetic radiations are propagated. The lowest
frequencies are radio waves, increases of fre­
quency produce infrared radiation, light, ultra­
violet radiation, X-rays, gamma-rays and fi­
nally the radiation associated with cosmic rays.

__________________ 3. Radio or radar transmissions which are gener­
ated continuously and not in short pulses.

__________________ 4. An electric current flowing always in the same

direction.

__________________ 5. A flow of electricity which, after reaching a

maximum in one direction, decreases, finally reaching a maximum in the opposite direction, the cycle being repeated continuously. The number of such cycles per second is the fre­quency.

__________________ 6. The region near an electric charge, in which a

force is acting on a charged particle.

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11) Titles: Energy; Electrical Energy; Chemical Energy; Radiant Energy;

Kinetic Energy; Potential Energy.

_________________ 1. The capacity for doing work.

_________________ 2. That part of the energy stored within an atom or

molecule which can be released by a chemical reaction.

_________________ 3. The energy which a body possesses by virtue of

its position. It is measured by the amount of work the body performs in passing from that position to a standard position in which the en­ergy is considered to be zero.

_________________ 4. The energy which a body possesses by virtue of

its motion.

_________________ 5. The energy that is transmitted in the form of

radiation.

_________________ 6. The energy associated with electric charges and

their movements. It is measured in watt sec­onds (joules) or kilowatt-hours.

12) Titles: Accumulator; Cell; Primary Cell; Solar Cell.

_________________ 1. Device for producing an electric current by

chemical reaction.

_________________ 2. A storage battery. A device for 'storing' elec­
tricity. An electric current is passed between
two plates in a liquid; this causes chemical
changes in the plates and the liquid. When the
changes are complete, the device is charged.

_________________ 3. Semiconductor devices which are made from

thin slices of silicon. Almost all Russian and American satellites have used such cells to supply on-board electrical power. Although the efficiency of these cells is no more than 10%, they provide a reliable electric power source that lasts for years on a satellite.

_________________ 4. A device for producing an electromotive force

and delivering an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction.

13) Titles: Nuclear Fuel; Nuclear Power; Nuclear Reaction.

_________________ 1. A substance which undergoes nuclear fission or

nuclear fusion in a nuclear reactor, a nuclear weapon, or a star.

_________________ 2. Any reaction which involves a change in the

nucleus of an atom, as distinct from a chemical reaction which only involves the orbital elec­trons. Such reactions occur naturally - on the Earth, in radioactive elements, and in the stars, as thermonuclear reactions. They are also pro­duced in nuclear reactors, and nuclear weapons.

_______________ 3. Electric or motive power produced from a unit

in which the primary energy source is a nuclear reactor.

14) Titles: Pressured-Water Reactor (PWR); Boiling-Water Reactor

(BWR).

_________________ 1. This is a pressure-vessel reactor fuelled with

enriched uranium. The reactor is a thermal one, moderated and cooled with ordinary (light) water. The heat in the reactor is extracted by the boiling water as it passes through the core, and the steam is passed directly to the turbine of the energy conversion cycle.

_________________ 2. The primary reactor vessel of this reactor is op­
erated at considerable overpressure, which sup­
presses boiling of the cooling water.

15) Titles: Nuclear Fusion; Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Charge; Nuclear En-

ergy.

_________________ 1. Energy released during a nuclear reaction as the

result of the conversion of mass into energy. Energy of this kind is released in nuclear reac­tors and nuclear weapons.

_________________ 2. A reaction between light atomic nuclei as a re­
sult of which a heavier nucleus is formed and a
large quantity of nuclear energy is released.

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The temperatures necessary for fusion reactions are extremely high. Reactions of this kind are believed to be the source of the energy of the stars (including the Sun).

_________________ 3. A nuclear reaction in which a heavy atomic nu­
cleus (e.g. uranium) splits into two approxim­
ately equal parts, at the same time emitting
neutrons and releasing very large amounts of
nuclear energy.

_________________ 4. The positive electric charge on the nucleus of

an atom. Numerically it is equal to the atomic number of the element, to the number of pro­tons in the nucleus, and to the number of elec­trons surrounding the nucleus in the neutral atom.

16) Titles: Analog Computer; Computer; Digital Computer; Central Processing Unit.

_________________ 1. The central electronic unit in a computer which

processes input information, and information from the store, and produces the output infor­mation. This unit and the store form the central part of the computer.

_________________ 2. A computer in which numerical magnitudes are

represented by physical quantities such as electric current, voltage, or resistance.

_________________ 3. An electronic device which accents data, ap­
plies a series of logical processes to it, and sup­
plies the results of these processes as infor­
mation. The device is used to perform mathe­
matical calculations at a very high speed. This
makes them useful for various purposes, such
as office calculations, control of industrial
processes, and the control of flight paths.

_________________ 4. A computer which operates on data in the form

of digits rather than the physical quantities.

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