Косвенная речь

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense.

Exercise 3.Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense according to the rules of Sequence of Tenses.

Exercise 2. Choose the right variant.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room.
2. He asked he (will come, would come to) the station to see me off.
3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.
4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week.
5. I hope it (will not change,would not change) for the worse.
6. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man.
7. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her her birthday.
8. I asked my sister to tell me what she has seen, had seen at the museum.
9. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the “Ritz “ Hotel.
10. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark.

1. I knew they (to wait) fot me at the metro station and I desided to hurry.
2. I didn`t know that you already (to wind up) the clock.
3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be able to unlock) the front door and (to go upstairs) to help her.
4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country.
5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening.
6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion.
7. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before.
8. He couldn`t understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well.
9. he said he (to leave) tomorrow morning.
10. She said she (can not) tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong.

1. I thought he (come) in time.
2. Tom wanted to know what (become) of the books which he leave here a day before.
3. I finally said that I (not, wish) to hear any more about the subject.
4. Mark remembered that he (leave) the cab at the hotel.
5. We have heard that he (be) very clever.
6. My wife told me that in an hour she (go) for a walk.
7. The boy didn`t know that water (boil) at 100.
8. He told us how he (live) in the North.
9. The teacher told us that there be 26 letters in the English alphabet.
10. Last year I skated much better than I (do) now.

Reported Speech

Существует два способа передачи говорящего: прямой и косвенный.

После слов, которые вводят прямую речь, ставится запятая или двоеточие, а прямая речь заключается в кавычки.

I.При передаче прямой речи в косвенной необходимо соблюдать правила согласования времен и производить все требующиеся по смыслу замены личных и притяжательных местоимений и вспомогательных глаголов.

He said, “ We are going back to our country.” Он сказал: «Мы возвращаемся на родину»

He said that they were going back to their country.Он сказал, что они возвращаются на родину.

He says, “I shall come” он говорит: «Я приду».

He says that he will come.Он говорит, что (он) придет.

Кроме того, при передаче прямой речи в косвенной происходят следующие изменения:

1. При переводе повествовательного предложения из прямой в косвенную глагол to say как сказуемое главного предложения при наличии косвенного дополнения заменяется соответствующей формой глагола to tell или употребляется без дополнения. указывающего на лицо:

Direct speech: He said to me, “ The novel is very interesting.”

Reported speech: He told me that the novel was interesting. Или: He said that the novel was interesting

2.Личные и притяжательные местоимения придаточного предложения соответственно смыслу могут меняться:

He said, “ I was ill last summer”

He said (that) he had been il last summer.

Direct speech: She repeated, “ I work in a textile mill.”

Reported speech: She repeated (that) she worked in a textile mill.

3.Ряд слов, обозначающих время действия или место действия, близкое к говорящему, при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную меняется на слова, обозначающие время или место действия более отдаленное:.

Direct speech	Reported speech
This/these	That/those
Here	There
Now	Then
Tonight,today, this week/month/year	That night, that day, that week/month/year
Now that	Since
Tomorrow, next week/month/	The day after, the following day, the next week/month/year
Yesterday, last night/week/month/year	The day before, the previous night/week, month/year
Two days/months/years etc.,ago	Two days/ months/years etc.,before

4.если глагол в главном предложении стоит в одном из прошедших времен (Simple Present, Past Continuous, Past Perfect), то время глагола прямой речи меняется в соответствии с правилами согласования времен:

Direct speech	Reported speech
Present SimpleShe said: “ There is a message for him”	Past Simple She said (that) there was is a message for him
Present Continuous She said: “I`m speaking to Joe.”	Past Continuous She said that she was speaking to Joe.”
Present PerfectLeo said:“ You have been to Novgorod, so you can give me Ann`s address. ”	Past PerfectLeo said that as I had been been to Novgorod, I could give him Ann`s address.
Past SimpleHe said: “I was at the theatre last night”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had been at the theatre the t night before
FutureShe explained: “ We shall go on an excursion tomorrow”	Conditional She explained (that) they would go on an excursion the following day

При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения сохраняется без изменений:

-если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения употребляется в настоящем или будущем времени:

Direct speech	Reported speech
He`ll say, “ I`ll order a pizza for dinner”	He`ll say (that) he`ll order a pizza for dinner
He says, “I can do it”	He says (that) he can do it

5.При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную модальные глаголы –would, could, should,ought to, used to mustn`t, had better не изменяются.

He said to her, “ You should send him a book”.

He said, (that) she should send him a book.

6.Наречия да и нет (yes no) в косвенной речи передаются глаголами:

Yes передается глаголами: agree, answer in the affirmative, consent

He said, “ Yes, I shall give this book to you”

He agreed (consented) to give that book to me.

No передается глаголами: refuse, answer in the negative

“ No, I have no time, ” she said.

She answered in the negative.

II.При переводе повелительных предложений из прямой речи в косвенную производятся следующие изменения:

Tell, ask, command, order, request + to-infinitive

Tell, ask, command, order, request + not to-infinitive

При передаче просьбы или приказания в косвенной речи употребляется простое предложение с инфинитивной конструкцией после глаголов tell, ask, command,order, beg, request и т.д.

Direct speech	Reported speech
1.Mother shouted, “ Come here at once”	1.Motherordered me to come to her at once
2. She said, “ Give me a spoon and a fork “	2. She asked me to give her a spoon and a fork.
3.The secretary said, “ Please, pass me the paper”	3. The secretary requested to pass her the paper.
4.The teacher said to me, “ Put the book on the table.”	4. The teacher told me to put the book on the table.”

Личные, указательные и притяжательные местоимения и наречия времени и места заменяются по смыслу.

III. При передаче вопроса в косвенной речи употребляется прямой порядок слов. А не инверсия.

Специальный вопрос в косвенной речи присоединяется к главному предложению с помощью какого- нибудь соединительного местоимения, или наречия (what, which, who, when, where, why)

Ask+wh-word

Direct speech	Reported speech
She asked us, “ Where will they go tomorrow?”	She asked us where they would go the following day?”
The boy said, “ Which way has my brother gone?”	The boy asked which way his brother had gone

Общие и альтернативные вопросы в косвенной речи присоединяются к главному предложению с помощью союзов whether, if, которые равны по значению русской частице ли.

Ask+if/whether

Direct speech	Reported speech
He asked me, “ Do you read English?”	He asked me whether I read English or not
I asked them, “Did you see him last evening?”	I asked them if they had seen him the previous evening.

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