Сознание как общество

1. Эти исторические и межкультурные прецеденты периодического возрождения мистицизма делают совершенно нелепыми разнообразные спекуляции «нового века», будто человеческий мозг каким-то образом эволюционирует в направлении растущей открытости к созерцательным состояниям. По-видимому, то, что с нами происходит, более обоснованно считать обусловленным социально-историческими условиями.

2. Разумеется, нельзя не видеть и более отрицательных воздействий таких движений на общество. Профетический фундаментализм, с его этическим абсолютизмом, легко кончает убийством тех, кто отказываются быть его частью, в то время как мистицизму в сложном обществе грозит опасность политически бессмысленного ухода от всего в мире, на что он не способен влиять.

3. Идея общего или разделяемого менталитета испытуемых, как источника значимых результатов лабораторных исследований ЭСВ, подкрепляется и самой необоснованностью различных «физических» теорий, выдвигающихся для объяснения парапсихологи-ческих феноменов. Идея квантовых полей, организованных на основе психологических процессов (Le Shan, 1969; Wallace, 1986; Irwin, 1989), сталкивается с трудностью объяснения того, почему подобные поля не должны заглушаться шумом от других частиц с высокой энергией.* Каким обра'зом они могли бы сохранять свою целостность достаточно долго, чтобы служить средой для «коммуникации»? Единственная другая сколько-либо правдоподобная фи-

Это возражение снимается, если высказать еретическое предположение, что такие фоновые поля могут играть роль «объемлющего строя» Гибсона для какой-то еще не обнаруженной формы восприятия, потенциально свойственной (на уровне первичной чувствительности) всей живой материи. Такое предположение тем более правдоподобно для более «осязаемых» физических полей типа магнитного или электромагнитного, которые, как теперь уже хорошо известно, способны влиять на биологические, в том числе нервные процессы. — Прим. пер.

490 Природа сознания

зическая теория постулирует волны, основанные на геомагнитной и электромагнитной активности (Irwin, 1989). Однако трудно себе представить, как эти эффекты могли бы поддерживаться на достаточно далеких расстояниях, чтобы соответствовать «дальнодействию» многих парапсихологических эффектов. Воспроизводящиеся данные Персингера (Persinger & Krippner, 1989; Berger & Persin-ger, 1989), показывающие связь значимых лабораторных результатов ЭСВ с низкими уровнями фоновой геомагнитной активности, свидетельствуют только о том, что различные уровни геомагнитной активности — наряду с многочисленными другими, более психологическими факторами, вроде поглощенности воображением — делают более вероятными определенные виды образных переживаний.

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