Ex.7. Translate the sentences using the Passive Voice

Ex.6. Use the word collocations from ex.5 to fill in the gaps in the sentences.

Electric transport

Ex.4. Fill in the gaps in the text using the words from the box.

Ex.3. Transform adjectives into nouns by adding –er/-or and translate them into Russian.

Ex.2. Find synonyms in A and B.

A. Metro, work (v, n), some, railway, type, totally, features, deliver to, apply, route, place (v), collect, transform.

B. Gather, convert, use, way, underground, subway, supply to, characteristics, provide to, absolutely, kind, railroad, several, operate, performance, locate.

Model: rectify (v) – rectifier (n): выпрямлять – выпрямитель.

conduct, transmit, feed, distribute, transform, generate, supply, compress, convert, produce.

vehicles (2), traffic capacity, voltage, reduces, energy (2), power, electric, capacitor cells, capacitors, consumption.

Electric transport (1)… such as electric subway and railway trains, trolleybuses and trams are typical examples of (2)… users with variable loads. The mode of (3)… transport vehicles’ operation is characterised by a high (4)… of energy during acceleration and the traction run.

The use of electrochemical (5)… in electric transport vehicles makes it possible to reduce the contact wire’s load, stabillise its (6)… and compensate for voltage dips while accelerating. Electric transport vehicles may accelerate using the power and energy stored in the (7)… This (8)… the peak load of electric (9)… consumption by transport vehicles from the contact wire more than twice. It also opens new opportunities to reduce the number of traction substations, reduce the equipment (10)… and increase the (11)… of the track section, and all these can lower the infrastructure costs of electric transport vehicles. In fact, the use of electrochemical capacitors makes it possible to create new cost effective electric transport (12)…

Ex.5. Use the words from A and B to make up collocations.

A. electric transport, traffic, energy, contact, peak, traction, equipment, capacitor.

B. wire, consumption, substation, load, power, cells, vehicle, capacity.

1. Electric subways and railway trains are examples of (1)….

2. A high (2)…. is a feature of electric transport vehicles.

3. During train acceleration the load on (3)….. increases.

4. Capacitors allow reducing the (4)…. of electric energy consumption.

5. The number of (5)…. and the (6)… can be reduced while using capacitors.

6. The application of electrochemical capacitors may increase the (7)….of the track section.

7. The use of electrochemical (8)… proved to be cost effective.

1. На железнодорожных магистралях используются две системы электроснабжения: 25 киловольт переменного тока и 750 вольт постоянного тока.

2. Разные системы электрификации можно найти в Европе и Африке.

3. Раньше электровозы приводились в движение двигателями постоянного тока с напряжением 750 вольт.

4. В системе постоянного тока энергию получают от железнодорожной подстанции.

5. Энергоподстанции расположены от трех до семи километров друг от друга.

6. Электроэнергия передается фидерным станциям с напряжением 25 киловольт.

7. Электроэнергия распределяется по сети посредством системы воздушной подвески.

8. В системе переменного тока электроэнергия преобразуется в подстанциях на борту поезда.

9. Трехфазные индукционные двигатели переменного тока редко используются в современной железнодорожной тяге.

10. Железные дороги снабжаются электроэнергией переменного тока на интервалах от 40 до 60 километров.

Ex.8. Make up brief oral presentations about:

1) The most common types of railway electrification.

2) The difference between AC and DC electrification.

3) Modern electric transport.

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