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Subjunctive-Mood Forms
Formation Passive Forms bēon/werthen + Participle 2 2. Werthen died out in late ME. 3. Passive constructions were often marked with prepositions “by/with” (to show the doer of the action or the instrument of the action).
1. These forms were not always analytical in OE but were widely used in: · independent clauses – to express wish, command, hypothetical condition, concession, purpose (e.g. Sīēn hira ēāζan āþistrode. – Be their eyes darkened!); · dependent clauses – temporal clauses (related to future) (e.g. Bring me þ æ t ic ēte. – Bring me that, I would eat), etc.; · impersonal sentences (e.g. Methinks – I think (мне думается), me lycige – I like (мне нравится)) – went out of use in NE. 2. In ME and NE analytical forms of the Subjunctive Mood appeared. Formation: biden (bid)/ leten (let)/ neden (need)/ sholde (should)/ wolde (would) + Infinitive These were the modal phrases that were used to express problematic or imaginary actions. The forms with sholde / wolde outnumbered all other forms, soon they weakened their modal meaning and became auxiliaries: should – 1st person, would – 2nd, 3rd person. 3. Meaning of the Subjunctive forms: · in the Past – present or future imaginary or unreal actions (e.g. He thought he would cope with the task); · in the Present – future probable or problematic actions (e.g. She thinks he would still come). 4. Peculiarities: · should/would + Infinitive à simultaneous actions (e.g. If I was young I would be the happiest person in the world); · should/would + Perfect Infinitive à past or preceding actions (e.g. If I had known all this I would have left that house immediately).
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