Language focus

Functional vocabulary

aid to sth; in ~ of sth	вспомогательное средство, помощь
affect sth v	воздействовать, влиять на что-л.
benefit sb v	приносить кому-л. пользу, выгоду
call for actions	призывать к действию
concern oneself with sth	заботиться, беспокоиться о чем-л.
cut down on sth	сокращать, уменьшать
disastrous adj	бедственный, гибельный
discharge sth v	выпускать выбрасывать, сбрасывать
discharge of sth n	выбросы чего-л.

drastic adj	решительный, радикальный
draw on the reserves of sth	использовать запасы чего-л.
dump n, v	свалка; сбрасывать, сваливать мусор

exhaust n	выхлопной газ
litter n, v	мусор, отходы; загрязнять
marine life	обитатели морей
point up sth v	сделать акцент, подчеркнуть что-л.
pollutant n	загрязняющее вещество
polluting activities	действия, приводящие к загрязнению
reprocess v	перерабатывать
soot n	копоть, сажа
take action toward sth	принимать меры, направленные на что-л.
throwaway packaging material	одноразовая упаковка
waste products	отходы

1. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.

– to discharge;

– polluting activities;

– technological advances;

– to reprocess waste;

– throwaway packaging materials;

– marine life.

2. Suggest synonyms of the words and phrases given below. To give more synonyms use a thesaurus.

to damage, to reduce, to emphasize, to scatter rubbish, harmful, waste, discharge.

3. Insert the right preposition or particle where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian/Belarusian.

1. We are collecting money … aid of cancer research.

2. Planting new trees is an essential aid … ecological education.

3. Green Peace takes firm actions … reducing the whale hunting.

4. Severe air pollution in many countries calls … drastic actions.

5. The leaders agreed to cut … producing aerosol sprays.

6. The life in large cities became dangerous because of the pollutants … the nearby industries.

7. Ecologically orientated ads are making more and more people concern themselves … environmental problems.

8. The gradual warming of the atmosphere's temperature is giving cause … concern.

9. Technological advances have made industries draw … new sources of energy.

4. Match the words denoting different kinds of pollutants with their definitions. Translate them into Russian / Belarusian.

litter	the black powder produced when something is burnt
pollutant	the gas or steam produced when an engine is working
fertilizer	bits of waste paper, containers, etc that are thrown away or left on the ground in a public place
soot	a substance that is put on the land to make crops grow
pesticide	a substance that makes the environment dangerously dirty
exhaust	a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops

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