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Vocabulary

Russia

Russia (the official name – the Russian Federation) is the largest country in the world. The country is situated both Europe and Asia. It’s total area is over 17 million square kilometers.

Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on 14 states. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts in our land. The highest mountains are the Altai, the Urals, and the Caucasus. There are over 2 million rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob’, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and mild – to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. It is one of the highly developed agro-industrial powers in the world. The main industrial branches are machine-building, aircraft, aerospace, automobile, textile, chemical and other.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It composes many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 150 million. More than 100 different nations and nationalities live in the Russian Federation.

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its population is over 10 million people. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities.

Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are the state white-blue-red flag and 2-headed Eagle.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. The country government consists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Council of Federation (upper chamber) and the State Duma (lower chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker.

The executive power belongs to the Government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

Our country has a multiparty system.

The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations of the Globe irrespective of their political and social systems.

To occupy – занимать	To comprise – включать
Surface – поверхность	District – округ
To situate – располагать(ся)	Language – язык
Total area – общая площадь	Banner – знамя
To wash – омывать	Head – глава, возглавлять
To boarder – граничить	Government – правительство
State – государство	Branch – ветвь
Hardly – едва ли	Legislative – законодательный
Variety – разнообразие	Executive – исполнительный
Numerous – многочисленный	Judicial – судебный
Forest - лес	To belong – принадлежать
Plain – равнина	Federal Council – Совет Федерации
Steppe –степь	Chamber – палата
Desert – пустыня	State Duma – Государственная Дума
Rich – богатый	Speaker – спикер
Deep – глубокий	Prime Minister – премьер-министр
Rather – довольно	Supreme Court – Верховный суд
Tempered (moderate) – умеренный	Multiparty – многопартийный
Ferrous – черный	Foreign policy – внешняя политика
Non - ferrous – цветной	Cooperation – сотрудничество
Power – держава	Irrespective of – независимо от

ЗАДАНИЕ № 5.

Соответствуют ли следующие предложения содержанию текста?

1. The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world.

2. It occupies the whole continent of Euro-Asia.

3. Our country is washed by seas of the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

4. The Russian flora and fauna are rather poor.

5. There are many rivers and lakes in our land, that’s why the climate is mild.

6. The population of our country is over 160 million.

7. St. Petersburg is the capital of our state.

8. Our country gas rich mineral resources.

9. Russia is one of the highly developed industrial powers in the world.

10. The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the Prime Minister.

11. The President controls all the branches of the government.

12. The Russian Parliament is called the State Duma.

ЗАДАНИЕ № 6.

Переведите на английский язык:

1) Крупнейшая в мире страна; 2) общая площадь; 3) занимать территорию / часть Европы и Азии; 4) граничить со многими государствами / иметь морские границы; 5) различные климатические условия; 6) многонациональное государство (автономная республика) / национальный округ; 7) столица государства; 8) высокоразвитая промышленная держава; 9) законодательная / исполнительная / судебная ветвь правительства; 10) верхняя и нижняя палаты / Совет Федерации / Госдума / Премьер-министр; 11) конституционный / верховный / федеральный суд; 12) внешняя политика / международное сотрудничество.

ЗАДАНИЕ № 7.

Переведите следующие вопросы на английский язык:

1. Как называется наша страна?

2. Где она расположена?

3. Какова ее территория?

4. Каково ее население?

5. С какими государствами она граничит?

6. Какими морями и океанами омывается наша страна?

7. Сколько рек и озер на территории нашей страны?

8. Какие реки крупнейшие в России?

9. Наша страна имеет богатейшую флору и фауну, не так ли?

10. Какими природными ресурсами богата Россия?

11. Кто является главой государства?

ЗАДАНИЕ № 8.

1. (How, how well) do you get to your office? 2. (How, how well) does your wife know French? 3. (How, how well) does your friend speak German? 4. (How, how well) do you translate this sentence from Russian into English? 5. (How, how well) do you do these exercises? 6. (How, how well) does she get home?

ЗАДАНИЕ № 9.

Дата добавления: 2017-01-13