Text 1. Factors and location of production

Понятие и сущность развивающего обучения. Требования к его организации.

34. Понятие и характеристика методов воспитания. +

35. Понятие и характеристика методов обучения. +

36. Формы организации педагогического процесса. ₽

37. Формы внеклассной воспитательной работы.

38. Принципы воспитания и обучения. ₽

39. Принципы формирования содержания общего образования.

40. Характеристика основных уровней содержания педагогического процесса.

41. Функции воспитания как социального явления. +

42. Сущность и характеристика воспитания как процесса. +

The resources that go into creation of goods and services are called the factors of production. There are three factors of production: labour, land and capital.

But there must be some person or persons who will organize these factors so that production takes place. Someone must make decisions what to produce (the type of good or service and the quantity), how to produce (methods of production), where to produce (location of production). Whoever makes the decision is known as the entrepreneur and sometimes considered as the forth factor of production. The reward to entrepreneurs is the money that remains after the owners of land, labour and capital have received their payments.

One of the fundamental decisions to be taken by entrepreneurs concerns the geographical location of their enterprises.

From the entrepreneur’s viewpoint the major determinant of location will be the private costs associated with different locations. There are usually several locations where it would be possible for the firm to operate and the entrepreneur will tend to choose that which minimize the cost of production. Even so the firm, in deciding where to produce, will generally be faced with a rather difficult problem, for its needs as a producer might conflict with its needs as a seller. One location might provide an excellent site in relation to the source of raw materials but another might be much more favourable in relation to the firm’s markets. The final decision will rest upon some calculation of the maximum net advantages of alternative sites.

The great localizing factors are the proximities to raw materials and power. But nowadays great improvements in transport have cheapened the movement of raw materials and finished products.

The availability of labour is an essential requirement for economic activity, when an industry is dependent upon particular labour skills, local supplies of such skills will exert a great influence upon the location decision. Since we are concerned with the relative costs of operating in different locations any regional variations in labour costs will also influence location decisions.

For some industries the physical features of the site are of prime importance in deciding location. Industries producing steel, paper, chemicals require very large quantities of water and tend to be found near rivers.

The accessibility of the site is an important factor. Before the development of efficient road transport, proximity to the railway network was an essential requirement for any large-scale enterprise. This is no longer the case since the overwhelming proportion of passenger and freight traffic now uses the road network and proximity to the new motorways has become an important localizing factor.

Дата добавления: 2017-01-14