John Elliott Cairnes

John Elliott Cairnes (December 26, 1823 – July 8, 1875) was an Irish economist. He is the "last of the classical economists".

Cairnes was born in Ireland. After school, he spent some years in the counting-house of his father, a brewer. His tastes, however, lay altogether in the direction of study, and he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where he studied law. But he felt no very strong inclination for the legal profession, and during some years he occupied himself to a larger extent with contributions to the daily press, treating of the social and economical questions that affected Ireland. He devoted most attention to political economy, which he studied with great thoroughness and care.

In Dublin he made the acquaintance of Archbishop Whately, who conceived a very high respect for Cairnes' character and abilities. In 1856, a vacancy occurred in the chair of political economy at Dublin and Cairnes received the appointment. Soon he published the lectures of his first year course of economics. The book appeared in 1857 with the title “Character and Logical Method of Political Economy”. It followed up on and expanded J. S. Mill's treatment in the “Essays on some Unsettled Questions in Political Economy”, and formed an admirable introduction to the study of economics as a science. In it the author displayed to the best advantage peculiar powers of thought and expression.

His next contribution to economical science was a series of articles on the gold question. Cairnes analyzed with great skill and ability the probable consequences of high supply of gold on the Australian and Californian gold discoveries.

In 1861, Cairnes published his admirable work “The Slave Power ”, one of the finest specimens of economical philosophy, where he described the inherent disadvantages of the employment of slave labour.

The works of Cairnes formed the most important contribution to economical science made by the English school since the publication of J. S. Mill's Principles.

While in fundamental harmony with Mill, especially as regards the general conception of the science, Cairnes differs from him to a greater or less extent on nearly all the cardinal doctrines and subjects his opinions to a searching examination. The last labour to which he devoted himself was a republication of his first work on the “Logical Method of Political Economy”.

His health soon rendered it impossible for him to discharge his public duties; he resigned his post in 1872, and retired with the honorary title of professor emeritus of political economy. He died at Blackheath, near London, on the 8 July 1875.

Notes:

1. Archbishop Whately – архиепископ Вотели

2. “Character and Logical Method of Political Economy” – «Характер и логический метод политической экономики»

3. “Essays on some Unsettled Questions in Political Economy” – «Сочинения по некоторым спорным вопросам политической экономики»

4. professor emeritus – заслуженный профессор в отставке

5. Blackheath – [´blækhi:ө] – Блэкхис

I. Прочитайте текст (без словаря).

II. Перепишите предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Cairnes’ tastes lay altogether in the direction of study.

2. He occupied himself with treating of the social and economical questions that affected Ireland.

3. Archbishop Whately conceived a very high respect for Cairnes' character and abilities.

4. Cairnes subjects his opinions to a searching examination.

5. The works of Cairnes formed the most important contribution to economical science since the publication of J. S. Mill's Principles.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. His contribution to economical science was a series of articles on the gold question.

2. Cairnes analyzed the consequences of high supply of gold on the Australian and Californian gold discoveries.

3. In 1861 Cairnes published his admirable work The Slave Power.

4. He described the inherent disadvantages of the employment of slave labour.

5. Soon he published the lectures of his first year course of economics.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Cairnes devoted most attention to political economy.

2. He studied political economy with great thoroughness and care.

3. In his book the author displayed to the best advantage peculiar powers of thought and expression.

4. The Slave Power is one of the finest specimens of economical philosophy.

5. He occupied himself to a larger extent with contributions to the daily press.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите на русский язык.

1. John Elliott Cairnes was an Irish economist.

2. John Elliott Cairnes is the "last of the classical economists".

3. After school, he spent some years in the counting-house of his father, a brewer.

4. In 1856, a vacancy occurred in the chair of political economy at Dublin and Cairnes received the appointment.

5. Cairnes differs from Mill to a greater or less extent on nearly all the cardinal doctrines.

VI. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.

VII. Ответьте (письменно) на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. What education did John Elliott Cairnes get?

2. What appointment did John Elliott Cairnes receive in Dublin?

3. What important works did John Elliott Cairnes publish?

4. How do his views differ from Mill’s?

5. Why did John Elliott Cairnes resign in 1872?

Вариант 4

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