Capital Punishment

Заполните пропуски следующими словами и переведите предложения.

(extortion, tax fraud, industrial espionage, smuggling, larceny, bribery, burglary, theft, robbery, forgery):

1. _____ is stealing (of) another's property.

2. Taking of property from another against his will is...

3. _____ is giving or taking bribes.

4. The crime of ____ is committed when anyone forges money, documents, obligations, bills.

5. The crime of _____ is committed when anyone in the night breaks and enters another's house to take his property.

6. Illegal moving of goods abroad is _____.

7. The most fundamental property crime is _____.

8. The crime of _____ is committed when anyone obtains money by violence.

9. Taxes are to be paid, otherwise it is ______.

10. Practice of spying at enterprises is called ______.

6. Переведите текст, выписав слова юридической тематики.

The ultimate penalty is death (capital punishment). It is carried out by hanging (Kenya, for example); electrocution, gassing or lethal injection (U. S.); beheading or stoning (Saudi Arabia): or shooting (China). Although most countries still have a death penalty. 35 (including almost every European nation) have abolished it; 18 retain it only for exceptional crimes such as wartime offences; and 27 no longer carry out executions even when a death sentence has been passed. In other words, almost half the countries of the world have ceased to use the death penalty. The UN has declared itself in favor of abolition, Amnesty International actively campaigns for abolition, and the issue is now the focus of great debate.

Supporters of capital punishment believe that death is a just punishment for certain serious crimes. Many also believe that it deters others from committing such crimes, opponents argue that execution is cruel and uncivilized. Capital punishment involves not only the pain of dying but also the mental anguish of waiting, sometimes for years, to know if and when sentence will be carried out. Opponents also argue that there is no evidence that it deters people from committing murder any more than imprisonment does. A further argument is that, should a mistake be made, it is too late to rectify if once the execution has taken place.

As the debate about capital punishment continues, the phenomenon of death row (people sentenced but still alive) increases. In 1991, no one was executed in Japan, but three people were sentenced to death, bringing the total number on death row to fifty. Sakae Menda lived under sentence of death for thirty three years before obtaining a retrial and being found not guilty. The debate also involves the question of what punishment is for. Is the main aim to deter? This was certainly the case in the 18th century England when the penalty for theft was supposed to frighten people from stealing and compensate for inabilities to detect and catch thieves. Is it revenge or retribution? Is it to keep criminals out of society? Or is it to reform and rehabilitate them?

Дата добавления: 2017-01-14