Program Structure

The Use of Grammar Tenses

Program Structure

*Task I. Learn the new vocabulary:

step - крок, совокупність дій, засобів.

flowchart – блок-схема.

logic flow – логічна послідовність.

statement – твердження.

module – модуль, одиниця виміру.

stage – етап, стадiя

landing – приземлення.

power – силовий, потужний; енергія.

a great many – величезна кількість.

general – головний, звичайний.

to translate – тлумачити, пояснювати.

to find – виявляти.

to check – перевіряти.

to handle – регулювати, здійснювати, контролювати.

to leave out – залишати зовні.

self-contained – автономний.

to perform – виконувати, здійснювати.

to accomplish –

to provide – забезпечувати.

to break – переривати, розбивати.

to refer – посилатися..

to include – включати.

Task II. Read the word-combinations and translate into Ukrainian:

Flowchart; logical flow; complex programs; engineering education; specific task;

input module; waste-disposal module; programming stages; “top-down” structure;

modular design; a great many branches; a great many steps; planning and programming stages

*Task III. Match the word-combinations in English and Ukrainian:

1) To become more complex. а) створити модуль.

2) Very hard to check the flowchart. б) розбити складну програму на частки.

3) To make up a module. в) зробити програмування більш ефективним.

4) To break a complex program into parts. г) перевірити блок-схему дуже важко.

5) To make programming more efficient. д) позбавлятися непотрібної інформації.

6) To get rid of garbage. е) ставати більш складним.

Task IV. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the use of Passive Voice.

1. The word module is used in the space program to refer to a part of spaceship that performs a specific task.

2. In a computer program a specific programming task is performed by a self-contained part of the program which is called module.

3. A program that is divided into modules in the planning and programming stages has a modular design.

4. A modular program is said to have a top-down structure because when you plan it, you start at the “top” with the most general module and work your way “down” to include all the modules that make up that module.

5. A complex program is broken into parts to make programming more efficient and easier.

**Task V.Define the verb Tenses.

1. I know, you write your own programs.

2. He usually plans the logical flow of his programs.

3. We wrote a new interesting program.

4. They have just written a flowchart.

5. I am writing a new program the whole evening.

6. You have been writing flowcharts for two month.

**Task VI. Read and translate the text.

You've been writing flowcharts before you write your programs. This helps ensure that you get all the steps into your program and get them in the right order. Remember that in writing a flow­chart you plan the logical flow of your program. Once the flowchart is written, you can translate it into a program by writing one or more statements for each step in the flowchart.

However, when you begin to plan more complex programs, you'll find that the flowcharts also become more complex. When you have a great many steps and a great many branches, you simply can't find a place for all of them on the flowchart. This makes it very hard to check the flowchart you've written to be sure that you haven't left anything out. To handle more complex programs, you need another way of planning them.

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