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Vocabulary notes.
Text 6. The Paralympic Games
6.1. What do you know about the Paralympic Games? 6.2. Read the bold words and their explanations. Give their Russian equivalents. 6.3. Read the text and answer the questions after the text.
The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event where athletes with a physical disability compete. Athletes with disabilities did compete in the Olympic Games prior to the arrival of the Paralympics. The first athlete to do so was American gymnast George Eyser in 1904, he had one artificial leg. Hungarian Karoly Takacs competed in shooting events in both the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. He was a right-arm amputee and was able to shoot left-handed. Another disabled athlete to appear in the Olympics prior to the Paralympic Games was Liz Hartel, a Danish equestrian (1) athlete who had contracted polio (2) in 1943 and won a silver medal in the dressage (3) event.
The first organized athletic event for disabled athletes that coincided with the Olympic Games took place during 1948 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. Dr. Ludwig Guttmann of Stoke Mandeville Hospital, who had been helped to flee Nazi Germany by the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics in 1939, hosted a sports competition for British World War II veteran patients with spinal cord (4 ) injuries. The first games were called the 1948 International Wheelchair Games, and were intended to coincide with the 1948Olympics. Dr. Guttman's aim was to create an elite sports competition for people with disabilities that would be equivalent to the Olympic Games. The games were held again at the same location in 1952, and Dutch veterans took part alongside the British, making it the first international competition of its kind. These early competitions, also known as the Stoke Mandeville Games, have been described as the precursors (5) of the Paralympic Games.
(1) a rider or performer on horseback
(2) an infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis
(3) the art of riding and training a horse in a manner that develops obedience, flexibility, and balance
(4) a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain
(5) a person, animal, or thing that goes before and indicates the approach of someone or something else: The first robin is a precursor of spring.
6.4. Answer the following questions. 1. Did athletes with disabilities compete before the appearance of the Paralympics? Give examples. 2. Who organised the first games for disabled athletes? Who participated in them? 3. What was the first international competition of this kind?
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