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The international experience of quality management products in the enterprise. 3 страница
30 Strategy production management - Strategic management is not a set of rules but rather a philosophy or ideology of business and management. Strategic management can be considered as a dynamic totality of five interrelated management processes:defining mission and goals (long-term and short-term);environmental analysis (macro, immediate environment and internal environment of the organization);strategy selection;vypolnennye;evaluation and monitoring of implementation.The most important component of strategic management is the implementation of the strategic plan.The implementation process has an active reverse effect on the scheduling, which further enhances the importance of the execution phase. A universal strategy. Michael porter (Harvard University) argues that the company can follow one of three types of strategies:Renoveerimise;Productavailability;focusing on the consumer or product. The development stage strategiia relation to consumers...1.To know their immediate and end customers and work with them as a team.This is the first and most important principle. All the rest describe how to better serve the consumer.2.To be committed to continuous, rapid improvement in quality, flexibility, variation of parameters and services, reducing costs and reaction time.In relation to your company: Achieve shared goals through open communication and involvement of the whole team (team) in the planning and implementation of changes. The competitors need to know:metadatablock;power;snowdistance;relations with suppliers and customers;cost;quality;flexibility;reaction time 31 Technical and economic characteristics of production - Type of production - the totality of its organizational, technical and economic characteristics. The production type is determined by the following factors:- range of products;- production volume;- the degree of permanence of the product line;- character download jobs.Depending on the level of concentration and specialization, there are three kinds of production:- the unit;- serial;- mass.By types of production are classified enterprises, stations and individual workstations. The type of production of the enterprise is determined by the type of production of the host plant and type of production plant - characteristics of the site where performed the most important operations and the bulk of our production assets.The assignment of plant to a particular type of production is conditional, because in the enterprise and even in some shops may be a combination of different types of production.Unit production is characterized by the wide nomenclature of manufactured products, small volume production implementation in each workplace are very diverse operations.In mass production, produced a relatively limited range of products (batches). At one workplace, usually enshrined j several operations.Mass production is characterized by a narrow range and high volume of production manufactured continuously for extended periods of time in highly specialized jobs.Type of production has a decisive influence on the characteristics of the organization of production, its economic performance, cost structure (unit production a high proportion of human labor, and mass - costs for repair and operational needs and maintenance of equipment), different level of equipment.
32 inventory of the enterprise: methods of economic analysis. In the General sense inventories are assets:1)inventories of raw materials, purchased semi-finished products and completing products, fuel, container and tare materials, spare parts, other materials intended for use in the production or performing of works and services.2)progress; 3)finished products; 4)goods intended for sale. Task inventory is providing the company with necessary material resources to ensure the company normal operation. In the production process, along with the means of labour, involved the objects of labor, which act as industrial stocks. In contrast to the means of labor, objects of labor involved in the production process only once, and their cost is fully included in the cost of production, making its material basis. Inventories relate to working capital and used, as a rule, within one year or the normal cycle in the production of products, performance of works and rendering of services, or available-for-sale.. Analysis of inventory should begin with the analysis of the dynamics of composition and structure of assets of balance that allows you to set the size of the absolute and relative increase or decrease of the total assets of the enterprise and its separate types. The increase in assets is a positive indicator the work of the enterprise, as it testifies to its further development.However, when analyzing assets need to find out how they are placed and that more attention was paid in the reporting year, what is the status of the production potential of the enterprise, fixed assets, what is the mobility of property. For this, first of all, determine the size and potential of the enterprise according to the method in which the cost includes the cost of fixed assets, production stocks, unfinished production, animals in growing and fattening. 33 quality Control of products in the company - Under the management of product quality understand the constant, systematic, purposeful process of impact on all levels of the factors and conditions that ensure the production of optimum quality and proper usage. Until recently, when addressing the quality issues of the enterprise focused on the technical quality of products without taking into account the needs of the market. However, it should be noted that our quality management system has made a significant contribution to the development of approaches to quality control of products throughout the world. In this issue domestic experience considered in the development of international standards for quality systems. The control system of quality of production represents set of governing bodies and management objects, events, methods and means aimed at establishing, promoting and maintaining a high level of product quality. The system of quality management includes the following functions:strategic, tactical and operational management.Functions of decision-making, control, analysis and accounting, information and control.Functions specialized and common to all stages of the product life cycle.The functions of the office for scientific, technical, industrial, social and economic factors and conditions.In accordance with the international standards of ISO 9000 are allocated to the policy in the field of quality and quality system, including the provision of, improving and managing product quality.
37 formation of the production program - An integral part of the overall plan of the enterprise is a productive program.The production program is developed and detailed plan for the production and sale of products that reflect the volume, range, assortment and quality of products.Through the production program is implemented, the main task of functioning of any enterprise which is in production and profit.The company production program is based on marketing research.The company conducts marketing researches in two directions: a search of the relevant market segment and assessment of the possible output.The nomenclature and product range are one of the major indicators of the production program of the enterprise.The product range is a list of the various products in the enterprise program that defines the main directions of production and its specialization.The product range is extended (in comparison with the nomenclature) a set of varieties of products of certain names, differing technical and economic characteristics (such as size, quality, appearance, etc D.).Every enterprise produces certain cuts of COP (items) and specific product structure.From the manufacturer's perspective, the narrower the range, the easier Assor Timentina structure of products, the better and simpler organization and technology of production, the lower production costs and higher, ceteris paribus, profitability. The same applies to updating of assortment and nomenclature of products.The consumer, on the other hand, is interested in expansion of assortment of production, in constant upgrade.The concept of optimized assortment, optimized the structure of production is very difficult; even more difficult task of finding of optimal variants of the range and structure of products.Planning of production is a systematic decision-making on all aspects of development and product management of the enterprise, including the creation of brand and packaging. A well-structured plan allows you to develop appropriate marketing programs, coordinate the collection of goods.Formation of the production program consists of several stages.In the first stage, all products are ranked taking into account the interests of the company and its sales. To this end, developed a ranking table on the basis of expert estimations of experts.In the second stage estimate the parameters (indicators), depending on the purpose and situation, such as, reliability, cost effectiveness, security, efficiency, compliance, fashion, design, etc. the value of the parameters is entered in the table in the sequence, which estimates the market.Assessment of the quality of the products is taken as the standard, which when zhivaetsja value is equal to one.Experts estimate the quality of the products launched you and put the appropriate rating.The third stage is determined by the degree of demand of products on the market.There are four levels of demand: unlimited, limited, occasional, zero.Demand is an economic category, typical of commodity– ry night economy and reflecting the total social demand for various goods, taking into account the solvency of buyers.Formation of the production program consists of several stages.In the first stage, all products are ranked taking into account the interests of the company and its sales. To this end, developed a ranking table on the basis of expert estimations of experts.In the second stage estimate the parameters (indicators), depending on the purpose and situation, such as, reliability, cost effectiveness, security, efficiency, compliance, fashion, design, etc. the value of the parameters is entered in the table in the sequence, which estimates the market.Assessment of the quality of the products is taken as the standard, which when zhivaetsja value equal to one. Experts estimate the quality of the products launched you and put the appropriate rating.The third stage is determined by the degree of demand of products on the market.There are four levels of demand: unlimited, limited, occasional, zero.Demand is an economic category, typical of commodity– ry night economy and reflecting the total social demand for various goods, taking into account the solvency of buyers.
5 of the following elements: the cost of purchased materials, transport costs, rent, taxes, aging of materials, cost of processing and handling, insurance, a) what are the elements in the cost of delivery? Cost of supply: cost of goods, transport costs, cost of processing and handling. b) what are the elements in the cost of content? Content costs: insurance, rent, operating costs, bondage means taxes. What determines the size of the order? a) the magnitude of the costs of placing an order; b) the magnitude of the costs of reserve storage; C) from both According to the order quantity allocated two types of costs: 1). Semi-fixed costs, the value of which per unit of the subject is reduced by increasing the size of the party of order. 2).Variable costs, the value of which increases with increasing order.
6 how the system manages inventory with independent demand? a) the system with fixed size (volume) of the order; b) the system with fixed time interval between orders; C) both systems. In systems with fixed order quantity is constantly monitored inventory levels. When the amount drops below a set level, issued an order for replenishment. Ordered always the same number. Thus fixed in this system is the level at which the repeated order and quantity ordered. System with fixed order quantities are most appropriate for stocks with the following characteristics:• High cost of supplies;• High cost of storage material and technical supplies;• High ravenodara that occurs in the absence of reserves;• Discounts depending on the ordered quantity;• Relatively unpredictable or random nature of the demand. The second system (with a fixed interval of time between orders) provides for the following sequence of operations order preparation:• set the frequency control reserves, focused on the delivery schedule of the supplier;• calculate the value of required reserves as the sum of the quantities sold during the period inventory control and for the waiting time of delivery and the number of STV. APB stock;• prepares and executes the schedule control of inventory levels;• the decision on the size of the order – specifies the number of components;• the order will be sent on the scheduled day. In a system with a fixed time interval orders for replenishment are placed at specified intervals, e.g. once in two weeks. The quantity ordered is impermanent and depends on the available balance. 7. What parameters characterize the system of inventory management with independent demand and fixed time interval? a)the maximum anticipated inventory; b) the maximum stock at the time of order replenishment; C) point of order; d) the control period of the stock. system inventory management with independent demand fixed interval of time, characterized by three parameters: Im the maximum anticipated inventory; The second maximum at the time of order replenishment; period t inventory control.
1 Годовой расход материалов на предприятии - 200 т, цена материала - 80 тыс. тг. за тонну. Транспортные расходы за доставку материалов - 550 тыс. тг. Стоимость размещения заказа - 100 тыс. тг. Предполагаемая ставка годового процента - 0,05. 2 Для чего предназначен гарантийный запас? а) он необходим, если спрос превышает прогноз или соответствующего материала производится меньше, чем запланировано; фактическое время исполнения данного заказа превышает обычный срок; б) для оптимального размера закупки, для поддержания запасов.
ВАРИАНТ ОТВЕТА: А)
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