Pragmalinguistics)

Paralinguistics,

Sociolinguistics,

Grammar,

Stylistics,

Phonetics,

The history of the lg.,

General linguistics,

Lexicology and its connections with other branches of linguistics

Lexicology meets the demands of applied linguistics (lexicography, terminology, information, literary criticism, foreign lg. teaching, in translation and functional stylistics).

It is one of working lgs of the UNO and the universal lg of international aviation.

It is used in official and business activities (India, Pakistan, other former British colonies);

Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics dealing with causal relations btw the ways of life reflected in the lg. (education, mass media, lg planning, etc.)

Historical lexicology studies extra-linguistic forces (changes in social, political, cultural and everyday life, in science reflected in words and their meaning).

Semantics is the study of meaning relevant both for lexicology and grammar.

Comparative, Contrastive (English and Russian lexis)

Special (of the particular lg)

3. Descriptive (studies the functions of words and their specific morphological and semantic structure, deals with the vocabulary as a system at a given stage of its development): boy, boyhood, boyish, boyishly, old boy, my dear boy, boy-friend.

It also studies all kinds of semantic grouping and semantic relations: synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, semantic fields, etc.

5. Historical or diachronic (etymology): The origin of words, their change and development. The linguistic and extra-linguistic linguistic forces influencing their structure, meaning, usage and development of words.

In historical lexicology: diachronic approach;

In descriptive lexicology: synchronic approach;

syn – simultaneous;

chronos – time;

dia – through the time (the Swiss philologist Ferdinand de Saussure’s dichotomy).

Post = posta – posita (fr. Lat. Through Fr. and Italian) – place;

(16 century): ‘ One of a number of men with horses along roads to deliver the King’s ‘packet’ from stage to stage’ (obs.)

Mail (Am. from Old French male) = mail of letters ‘a bag of letters’

Sack fr. ‘To get the sack’ (to dismiss from service)

The importance of studying English lexicology:

1. It is the world’s most widely used lg.(300mln. people speak it)

4. More than a half world’s scientific literature is published in English.

5. 60% of the world’s radio broadcasts are in English.

The theoretical value of lexicology: it is the study of one of the three main aspects of lg. (vocabulary) together with its grammar and sound system.

Stylistics studies the same problems as Lexicology: meaning, connotations, synonymy, functional differentiation of the vocabulary, etc.: Maiden (poet.) – Girl – lass.

Lexicology and phonetics (sound and meaning):

Hip – hop – hope- heap- - hoop;(substitution test)

Tip – top; tip – pit;

Import::to import (position of stress);

Blackbird:: black bird

(Spoonerisms (W.A. Spooner) – jocular transposition of the initial sounds of two or more words) - Our queer old dean – our dear old queen.

Historical phonetics and historical phonology:

Whole (unwounded, to make whole), heal(healthy), hail(salutation to be healthy) are etymologically related words.

Lexicology and grammar:

Head of the committee – to head a committee ( interdependence of lexical and grammatical meaning).

Examples of mixed context:

Дата добавления: 2014-01-04