The morphological structure of words, their phonetic, structural and semantic characteristics;

Come true, Fall ill, Go wrong, Turn red,

Run dry ‘become smth’ (only verbs of motion are used) It is not poetry, but prose run mad.(A.Pope).

Syntactical context: “The house is gone. ( absence )

You are not going to sit there saying nothing, are you?”

( an action in future )

“…how a novel that has now had a fairly long life, as novels go, has come to be written” (Maugham) ( comparison with the average)

Frighten, amuse, awaken; say, talk, think (only with animate nouns(human subjects) - W.Chafe.

Lexicology and etymology

Brothers (family relationship);

Brethren (arch.) (members of the club or society);

Genius – geniuses (of exceptional intellect ) – genii ( evil or good spirit) .

Arm – arms:‘To take arms against the sea of troubles’ – lexicalization: authorities, colours, customs, looks, manners, pictures, works.

Futurity: shall – will come, going to, future, tomorrow, by and by, time to come, hereafter;

Plurality: Houses, boys, books; crowd, party, company, group.

What you do is nothing to do with me, it doesn’t interest me.

Lexicology and Word Formation:

wooden (adj), strengthen (v), oxen(n), dis(s): ’Are you dissing me?’(disagreement, disillusion, distress); workaholic, computerholic, shopaholic, chocoholic, eco-friendly, jobhunt, WWW, etc.

The main branches of lexicology:

2. Etymology of words, the sources of borrowing. Whole – heal – hail ( etymologicallyrelated ) “unharmed, unwounded, made whole, heal’’ = hail! (Be healthy> call).

3. Semantic and thematic classification of the word stock. Say – talk – think (human being);awesome ’stunning’, cool(daring, clever, exiting, stylish, approval)

4. Word formation (post -impressionists) and phraseology (to take the bull by the horns, to see red, birds of a feather).

5. Stylistic differentiation of the vocabulary. brothers – brethren (arch.);

The theoretical problems of a word:

· the theory of meaning,

· semantic groups and fields,

· Functional differentiation of the vocabulary, etc.)

The paradigmatic relations (interdependence of words within a vocabulary):

- synonymy,

- antonymy,

- hyponymy,

- functional styles:

head, chief, director;

work:: labour;

refuse:: reject:: decline;

busy – idle;

man:: chap:: guy:: bloke.

Miss, v.n. (homonyms )”not catch”, “a title for a girl”

Syntagmatic relations are based on linear character of speech (contextual, valency, distributional, transformational, etc. analysis) Ex.: A Farewell to Arms (arm-arms), the hat on her head, and the head of the department

Diachronic interdependence of words within the lexical subsystem:

harvest, v.n.-“ the gathering of grain”, “the season for reaping, autumn”

Autumne (Romance word)> “the season for reaping, autumn”

Дата добавления: 2013-12-13